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Features
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 All file snakes have compressed tails, dorsal nostrils and bear live young. They lack fangs and venom. File snakes have tiny granular scales over the entire body and even have tiny belly scales. The life history and ecology of the file snakes have been studied in the Straits of Malacca by Harold Voris and others and in Australia by Richard Shine and others. |
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General Reference: Shine, R. 1991. Australian Snakes: A Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
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