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Features
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 All true sea snakes have paddle tails, dorsal nostrils, and bear live young. Like other elapids, they also have hollow fixed front fangs and a neurotoxic venom. True sea snakes include both species that have tiny belly scales and species that have broad belly scales with a central keel. The life history and ecology of the true sea snakes has been studied in the Straits of Malacca by Harold Voris and others, in Australia by Harold Heatwole and others, and in Japan by Hidetoshi Ota and others.
 
General Reference: Shine, R. 1991. Australian Snakes: A Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
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