• Numerical list of New Notes
• Alphabetic list of New Notes
• 2006-05-30, Notes 4408 - 4449
• 2006-07-17, Notes 4450 - 4475
  
• 2006-10-18, Notes 4476 - 4567
  
• 2006-12-20, Notes 4568 - 4615
  
• 2007-06-05, Notes 4616 - 4750
  
• 2008-03-05, Notes 4751 - 4851
  

2008-03-05

4751. Acarosporales Reeb, Lutzoni & Cl. Roux
This order in Acarosporomycetidae is formally described to accommodate Acarosporaceae (Hibbett et al. 2007).

4752. Agyriaceae Corda
The family is shown to be polyphyletic and restricted to Agyrium (Lumbsch et al. 2007b).

4753. Ainoa Lumbsch & I. Schmitt
This genus clustered in Baeomycetales in several phylogenetic studies and hence will be placed there in the next outline (Lumbsch et al. 2007a, b, Wedin et al. 2005).

4754. Anzina Scheid.
This genus did not cluster with other Trapeliaceae (Lumbsch et al. 2007a, b, Wedin et al. 2005) and hence will be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed. in the next outline.

4755. Aphanotria Döbbeler
This new genus is described for a muscicolous species with immersed, non-stromatic, unpigmented ascomata with a pronounced rostrum, thick-walled asci, transversally septate ascospores with cyanophilous warts (Döbbeler 2007). The genus is placed in Bionectriaceae.

4756. Ascomycota Caval.-Sm.
Hibbett et al. (2007) proposed a comprehensive higher-level classification of the kingdom Fungi, including Ascomycota based on recent phylogenetic studies. This classification is followed in the most recent outline of Ascomycota. The authors point out that Cavalier-Smith is the authority for the name of this phylum.
A soil clone group I (SCGI) is shown to be common and widespread in soil samples from different habitats (Posada et al. 2007), which forms a currently unrecognized subphylum of Ascomycota. In a phylogeny based on ribosomal DNA sequences, SCGI forms a sister-group to Saccharomycotina + Pezizomycotina. No data on the biology of these enigmatic fungi are currently available.

4757. Ascopolyporus A. Möller
See note under Cordycipitaceae.

4758. Ascotrichella Valldos. & Guarro
This genus was removed from Coniochaetales and placed in Xylariales by Garcia et al. (2006).

4759. Aspiciliopsis (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy
The genus was shown to be distinct from Placopsis (Lumbsch et al. 2007b, Schmitt et al. 2003) and will be accepted in the next outline.

4760. Atricordyceps Samuels
This genus was synonymized with Podocrella (Chaverri et al. 2005), which is followed in the next outline.

4761. Babjevia van der Walt & M.Th. Smith
See note under Lipomycetaceae.

4762. Baeomycetales Lumbsch, Huhndorf & Lutzoni
This new order is described by Lumbsch, Huhndorf and Lutzoni (Hibbett et al. 2007) to accommodate Baeomycetaceae. This family was previously placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed. Its independent status is shown by Miadlikowska et al. (2006) and Lumbsch et al. (2007a).

4763. Barrina Ramaley
The genus was placed in Coniochaetales by Huhndorf et al. (2004) and confirmed by Garcia et al. (2006).

4764. Basavamyces V.B. Hosag.
This new genus in Meliolaceae is described for a new hypophyllous fungus from India (Biju et al. 2005). It lacks phialides and the ascospores have two distal septa.

4765. Boreoplaca Hafellner
Bylin et al. (2007) showed that this genus should be placed in Ophioparmaceae, where it will be classified in the next outline.

4766. Bricookea M.E. Barr
Eriksson (2007) suggested that this genus be included in Lophiostoma.

4767. Calosphaeriales M.E. Barr
This order was previously placed in Sordariomycetes inc. sed., but placed by Hibbett et al. (2007) in Sordariomycetidae based on the work of Réblová et al. (2004).

4768. Camanchaca Follm. & Peine
Tehler & Irestedt (2007) synonymized this genus under Pentagenella based on their phylogenetic study.

4769. Candelaria A. Massal.
See note under Candelariaceae.

4770. Candelariales Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch
This new order is described by Miadlikowska, Lutzoni and Lumbsch (Hibbett et al. 2007) to accommodate Candelariaceae. Several studies demonstrated that this order is distinct from Lecanorales (Hofstetter et al. 2007,Lumbsch et al. 2007a, Miadlikowska et al. 2006, Wedin et al. 2005). It is placed in Lecanoromycetes inc. sed.

4771. Candelariaceae Hakul.
In a phylogenetic study based on ITS sequence data, the genus Candelaria was found to be polyphyletic and Candelariella paraphyletic with Candelina and Placomaronea nested within. However, the relationships remained largely unresolved (Westberg et al. 2007). Hence, additional studies remain necessary before any taxonomic changes can be made.

4772. Candelariella Müll. Arg.
See note under Candelariaceae.

4773. Candelina Poelt
See note under Candelariaceae.

4774. Catinella Boud.
Greif et al. (2007) presented evidence from ascoma ontogeny and nu ribosomal DNA data that this genus that was previously placed in Dermateaceae, belongs to Dothideomycetes. The ordinal placement could not be resolved and it is therefore placed as Dothideomycetes inc. sed.

4775. Chaetothiersia B.A. Perry & Pfister
Molecular and morphological evidence shows that a new fungus from the Sierra Nevadas in California with stiff, superficial, brown excipular hairs, eguttulate ascospores and a thin ectal exciple requires placement in a separate genus within Pyrenomataceae (Perry & Pfister 2008).

4776. Chaetothyriomycetidae Dowell
Hibbett et al. (2007) showed that the authority for this subclass name is Dowell.

4777. Chlorostroma A.N. Mill., Lar. N. Vassiljeva & J.D. Rogers
Chlorostroma subcubisporum is described as a new genus and species in Xylariaceae based on morphological and molecular data (Miller et al. 2007). Morphologically the new genus is characterized by a green stoma bearing perithecia, asci with a non-amyloid apex, and subcubical brown ascospores with a prominent germination slit.

4778. Conidiotheca Réblová & L. Mostert
This new genus is described for a single polysporous pyrenomycete formerly in Calosphaeriales (Réblová & Mostert 2007). It is placed in Sordariomycetes inc. sed. based on lack of molecular data and indistinctive morphological characteristics.

4779. Coniocessia D. García, Stchigel, D. Hawksw. & Guarro
This new genus in Xylariales is described with Coniocessia nodulisporioides as type species (Garcia et al. 2006). The placement is based on LSU rDNA sequence data and the presence of a Nodulosporium-like anamorph.

4780. Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke
The circumscription of the genus is studied by Garcia et al. (2006) using nu SSU and LSU rDNA sequences. The authors showed that the genera Coniochaetidium, Ephemeroascus and Poroconiochaeta are nested within the genus and consequently, reduced these three genera into synonymy with Coniochaeta.

4781. Coniolaria Seigle-Mur. Guiraud, Steiman & Sage
For this invalid generic name the name Coniolariella is introduced (Garcia et al. 2006).

4782. Coniolariella D. García, Stchigel & Guarro
This new genus in Xylariales is described with Coniolariella gamsii as type species (Garcia et al. 2006). The placement is based on anamorphic and LSU rDNA sequence data. The genus replaces the invalidly published Coniolaria.

4783. Coniochaetidium Malloch & Cain
Garcia et al. (2006) placed this genus into synonymy with Coniochaeta.

4784. Cordyceps (Fr.) Link
See note under Cordycipitaceae.

4785. Cordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G.M. Sung, J,M, Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
This family was validated for clade C of former Clavicipitaceae (Sung et al. 2007) in Hypocreales. It includes the genera Ascopolyporus, Cordyceps s.str., Hyperdermium, and Torrubiella.

4786. Corylomyces Stchigel, Calduch & Guarro
This new genus is described for a fungus isolated from hazelnuts (Stchigel et al. 2006). The genus is characterized by tomentose, ostiolate ascomata with long necks composed of hairs, and 1-2-celled, opaque, lunate to reniform ascospores. It is placed in Sordariales inc. sed.

4787. Cryptovalsaria Lar. N. Vassiljeva & S.L. Stephenson
This new genus is described for two species occurring on bark of alders in eastern Russia and North America (Vasilyeva & Stephenson 2007). The genus is placed in Diatrypaceae.

4788. Elaphocordyceps G.H. Sung & Spatafora
This new genus is described in Sung et al. (2007) in Ophiocordycipitaceae to accommodate former species of Cordyceps that parasitize Elaphomyces species.

4789. Ephemeroascus Emden
Garcia et al. (2006) placed this genus into synonymy with Coniochaeta.

4790. Eucasphaeria Crous
A new fungus on Eucalyptus from the Cape region is placed in this new genus (Crous et al. 2007) that is placed in Hypocreales inc. sed. It lacks a clypeus and has unitunicate asci with an apical discharge mechanism and has Ascochyta-like anamorphs.

4791. Eurotiomycetidae Geiser & Lutzoni
Geiser and Lutzoni (Hibbett et al. 2007) formally described this subclass to accommodate the orders Coryneliales, Eurotiales, and Onygenales.

4792. Flavocetrariella D.D. Awasthi
This new genus in Parmeliaceae was described to accommodate two Asian Cetraria species (Awasthi 2007), which differ in morphological details from that genus and Flavocetraria.

4793. Fuscideaceae Hafellner
Bylin et al. (2007) confirmed that the family does not belong to Teloschistales. In their mtSSU rDNA analysis, the family clusters with Umbilicariaceae and Ophioparmaceae, but this lacks support. Ropalospora did not cluster with the remaining Fuscideaceae, see note under Ropalosporaceae.

4794. Glaziellaceae J.L. Gibson
The position of the family within Pezizales is uncertain (Hansen & Pfister 2006).

4795. Gyalectales Henssen & Jahns ex & D.H. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Hibbett et al. (2007) placed this order into synonymy with Ostropales.

4796. Halosphaeriales Kohlm.
Hibbett et al. (2007) placed this order into synonymy with the Microascales.

4797. Hyperdermium J. White, R. Sullivan, G. Bills & N. Hywel-Jones
See note under Cordycipitaceae.

4798. Immersisphaeria Jaklitsch
This new genus is proposed for Hypocrea eichleriana based on immersed perithecia, hyaline peridium, asci lacking a distinct apical apparatus, and brown single-celled ascospores (Jaklitsch 2007). It will be placed in the next outline in Sordariomycetes inc. sed.

4799. Kalbographa Lücking
This new genus is described in Graphidaceae to accommodate Graphina caracasana and two new species (Lücking 2007). The genus is characterized by dark-brown, thin-walled ascospores, clear hymenium, thin exciple, exposed, wide discs and a shiny thallus.

4800. Kawaskia Y. Yamada & Nogawa
See note under Lipomycetaceae.

4801. Kurtzmaniella M.A. Lachance & W.T. Starmer
Lachance & Starmer (2008) described this new genus from nitidulid beetles found in cacti flowers in Arizona (USA). It is tentatively placed in Saccharomycetaceae.

4802. Lecania A. Massal.
The phylogeny of the genus is studied based on mtSSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data (Reese Naesborg et al. 2007). The separation of Thamnolecania is supported and Lecania is shown to be polyphyletic.

4803. Lecanoromycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C. David & Stalpers ex Miadl., Lutzoni & Lumbsch
Miadlikowska, Lutzoni and Lumbsch (Hibbett et al. 2007) validly published this formerly proposed subclass. It includes Lecanorales, Peltigerales, and Teloschistales.

4804. Leucodiaporthe M.E. Barr & Lar.N. Vassiljeva
This new genus is described to accommodate Cryphonectria maackii and three new species in Diaporthaceae (Vasilyeva et al. 2007). It is characterized by a light to brightly colored stromatic disk with blackened marginal zones and hyaline, non-appendaged ascospores.

4805. Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & Zsolt.
Monophyly of this family was supported in a multigene phylogenetic study (Kurtzman et al. 2007). The previously separated genera Kawaskia, Smithiozyma, Waltomyces, and Zygozyma were shown to be nested within Lipomyces and consequently reduced to synonymy with the latter genus, which will be followed in the next outline. Babjevia is shown to be part of Dipodascopsis and hence the former reduced to synonymy with Dipodascopsis.

4806. Massariosphaeria (E. Müll.) Crivelli
The genus is shown to be polyphyletic (Wang et al. 2006).

4807. Megalohypha A. Ferrer & Shearer
This new genus is described in Jahnulales (Ferrer et al. 2007) for a tropical, aquatic fungus based on the presence of both sessile and stalked ascomata.

4808. Melanosporales N. Zhang & M. Blackw.
This new order is described by Zhang and Blackwell (in Hibbett et al. 2007) to accommodate Melanospora and Sphaerodes in the Ceratostomataceae. This is based on LSU rDNA data (Zhang & Blackwell 2002). In the current outline, the rest of the genera in the family are treated with a "?" to indicate their uncertain status.

4809. Melanotopelia Lumbsch & Mangold
This new genus in Thelotremataceae is described for two species previously placed in Topeliopsis (Mangold et al. 2008). In a phylogenetic study the two groups were separated. Melanotopelia differs in having thin-walled ascospores and a dark pigmented proper exciple.

4810. Metacordyceps G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
This new genus in Clavicipitaceae is described in Sung et al. (2007) including six species, often having Metarhizium anamorphs.

4811. Mycocaliciomycetidae Tibell
Tibell (Hibbett et al. 2007) described this subclass in Eurotiomycetes to accommodate Mycocaliciales.

4812. Naumovia Kurtzman
See note under Naumovozyma.

4813. Naumovozyma Kurtzman
Cletus P. Kurtzman (Peoria, Illinois USA, in litt.): The genus Naumovia Kurtzman was described in 2003 (FEMS Yeast Res. 4:240) and included descriptions of the two species N. castellii and N. dairenensis. It has now been recognized that Naumovia Kurtzman is a younger homonym of Naumovia Dobrozr. (1928) (Dothideomycetes), and is therefore illegitimate. For this reason, the following nomenclatural corrections are proposed:

Naumovozyma Kurtzman, nom. nov., to replace Naumovia Kurtzman (2003) nom. illeg.

Type species: Naumovozyma castellii (Capriotti) Kurtzman, comb. nov. (Basionym: Saccharomyces castellii Capriotti. Ann. Fac. Agric. Sassari 14:7. 1966; syn. Naumovia castellii (Capriotti) Kurtzman nom. illeg. (FEMS Yeast Res. 4:241. 2003).

Naumovozyma dairenensis (H. Naganishi) Kurtzman, comb. nov. (Basionym: Saccharomyces dairenensis [as S. dairensis] H. Naganishi. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 107. 1917; syn. Naumovia dairenensis (H. Naganishi) Kurtzman nom. illeg. (FEMS Yeast Res. 4:241. 2003).

4814. Nervostroma Y. Harada & T. Narumi
This new genus is described in Sclerotiniaceae with the newly described N. depraedans as type species (Narumi-Saito et al. 2006).

4815. Ogataea Y. Yamada, K. Maeda & Mikata
Limtong and coworkers (Limtong et al. 2008) are additional authors accepting the genus Ogataea. They further transferred some species from Pichia, to which the genus was believed previously to be synonymous, to Ogataea. Hence, Ogataea will be accepted in Saccharomycetaceae (with questionmark) in the next outline. The generic and family classification of Saccharomycetes requires a thorough revision.

4816. Ophiocordyceps Petch
This genus is emended by Sung et al. (2007) to include species of Cordyceps s.lat. that produce ascomata in subterminal regions of the stromata and mostly have Hirsutella and Hymenostilbe anamorphs.

4817. Ophiocordycipitaceae G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
This new family is described by Sung et al. (2007) to accommodate the genera Ophiocordyceps and Elaphocordyceps. This clade is shown to be distinct in a phylogenetic analysis of a five-gene analysis.

4818. Ostropales Nannf.
Hibbett et al. (2007) circumscribed this order in a wider sense than previously done. The order also includes taxa formerly classified in separate order, such as Gomphillales, Graphidales, Gyalectales, and Trichotheliales. Only the latter two were accepted in the previous outline.

4819. Parauncinula S.Takamatsu, U. Braun & S. Limkaisang
The new genus Parauncinula in Erysiphales with U. septata as the type species is proposed (Takamatsu et al. 2005). Uncinula curvispora is tentatively maintained as a separate species, which is also assigned to this genus.

4820. Patellariales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
The position of the order is uncertain in Dothideomycetes (Schoch et al. 2006).

4821. Pezizales J. Schröt.
Hibbett et al. (2007) showed that the correct authority of this ordinal name is J. Schröt. and not C. Bessey.

4822. Phaeocryptopus Naumov
The type of the genus clustered within Dothioraceae in a phylogenetic study using ribosomal DNA sequences (Winton et al. 2007), while P. gaeumannii aligned in Mycosphaerellaceae. No taxonomic conclusions are drawn.

4823. Placomaronea Räsänen
See note under Candelariaceae.

4824. Plectosphaerellaceae W. Gams, Summerbell & Zare
This new family in Hypocreomycetidae is described to accommodate Plectosphaerella, which was previously in Sordariomycetes inc. sed. (Zare et al. 2007). It further contains several anamorphic taxa that are placed in the anamorphic genera Gibellulopsis and Musicillium.

4825. Poroconiochaeta Udagawa & Furuya
Garcia et al. (2006) placed this genus into synonymy with Coniochaeta.

4826. Protolichenes
Eriksson (2005) stated that morphological and recent molecular and paleontological studies indicate that the subphylum Pezizomycotina most probably evolved from a group of lichenized ascomycetes, the hypothetical group Protolichenes (see note 4324). Hawksworth (in litt. 2007) has pointed out that the name Protolichenes was used by Choisy (1954) to accommodate the following group of lichen taxa: Sphaerophorineae, Thamnoliineae, Roccellineae and Usneineae. Protolichenes sensu Eriksson was used as a trivial name for a hypothetical pre-devonian group of lichenized ascomycetes and, of course, is not in need of typification and is not to be involved in any discussions on priority.

4827. Pseudorbilia Y. Zhang, Z.F. Yu, H.O. Baral & K.Q. Zhang
This new genus in Orbiliaceae is described for a new fungus collected once on rotten wood in Yunnan (China). It has minute translucent apothecia, an ectal exciple of globose and angular cells, asci and paraphyses not embedded in gel, and short-stipitate, bilateral asci (Zhang et al. 2007).

4828. Psilopezia Berk.
The position of this genus within Pezizales is uncertain (Hansen & Pfister 2006).

4829. Pyronemataceae Corda
The family as currently circumscribed is shown to be polyphyletic (Perry et al. 2007). Glaziellaceae is sister to Pyrenomataceae s.str., but this lacks support. Several genera within Pyrenomataceae appear polyphyletic. Since numerous relationships lack support, additional data will be necessary before taxonomic conclusions can be drawn.

4830. Rhizoscyphus W.Y. Zhuang & Korf
This genus is included in Pezoloma by Baral & Krieglsteiner (2006).

4831. Roccella DC.
The genus is shown to have its center of distribution in the northern Hemisphere (Tehler & Irestedt 2007) and southern Hemisphere taxa previously placed here are shown to belong to Roccellina based on a phylogenetic study using ribosomal and RPB2 sequence data.

4832. Roccellaria Darb.
Roccellaria is shown to be nested in Roccellina and consequently placed in synonymy with that genus (Tehler & Irestedt 2007).

4833. Roccellina Darb.
The genus is enlarged to include fruticose taxa previously placed in Roccella and also the genus Roccellaria (Tehler & Irestedt 2007).

4834. Romellia Berl.
This genus is reduced to synonymy with Togninia by Réblová & Mostert (2007).

4835. Ropalosporaceae Hafellner
This monotypic family has been regarded as synonymous with Fuscideaceae. However, Bylin et al. (2007) showed that Ropalospora is distinct from this family. They suggested to resurrecting the family, which will be accepted and placed in Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed. in the next outline.

4836. Roseodiscus H.O. Baral
This new genus is described by Baral to accommodate one species on Bryophyta (R. subcarneus) and one on Equisetum (R. equisetinus, type) in Hyaloscyphaceae (Baral & Krieglsteiner 2006).

4837. Schizoparmeaceae Rossman
This new family in Diaporthales is described to accommodate the distinctive genus Schizoparme and its anamorph Pilidiella (Rossman et al. 2007). The family is characterized by having brown or black ascomata mostly erumpent through the host epidermis.

4838. Solorinella Anzi
This genus was shown to be nested within Gyalidea (Aptroot & Luecking 2003) and is treated as a synonym of Gyalidea.

4839. Solorinellaceae Vezda & Poelt
This family is placed into synonymy with Gomphillaceae, following some recent authors (Aptroot & Lücking 2003, Henssen & Lücking 2002).

4840. Sympoventuria Crous & Seifert
A new fungus on Eucalyptus from the Cape region is accommodated in this new genus (Crous et al. 2007) that is placed in Dothideomycetes inc. sed. The genus differs from Venturia, but differs in having hyaline ascospores and lacking a Sympodiella anamorph.

4841. Teracosphaeria Réblová & Seifert
This new genus is described for a new species growing on decayed wood in New Zealand (Réblová & Seifert 2007). It is characterized by immersed, non-stromatic Ceratosphaeria-like perithecia with hyaline, septate ascospores produced in unitunicate, non-amyloid asci. The genus is places in Sordariomycetidae inc. sed.

4842. Torrubiella Boud.
See note under Cordycipitaceae.

4843. Trapeliaceae Hertel
This family is shown to be distinct from Agyriaceae and resurrected (Lumbsch et al. 2007b). It is placed in Baeomycetales.

4844. Trichotheliales Hafellner & Kalb
Hibbett et al. (2007) placed this order into synonymy with Ostropales.

4845. Triclinum Fée
Jørgensen (2003) typified the genus and pointed out that the genus is not a synonym of Psoroma, but an older, correct name for Squamacidia Brako (Ramalinaceae).

4846. Umbilicariales Lumbsch, Hestmark & Lutzoni
This new order is described by Lumbsch, Hestmark and Lutzoni (Hibbett et al. 2007) to accommodate Umbilicariaceae (Hofstetter et al. 2007, Miadlikowska et al. 2006) demonstrated that this order is distinct from Lecanorales. It is placed in Lecanoromycetes inc. sed.

4847. Usneocetraria M.L. Lai & J.C. Wei
The new species is segregated from Allocetraria based on several growth morphology characters that are only briefly mentioned (Lai et al. 2007). No discussion of the characters is given. Eleven species are listed, but only two validly combined into Usneocetraria (for the remaining nine species no basionyms are cited). Additional data are necessary before this genus can be accepted, for the time being it will be listed as a synonym of Allocetraria.

4848. Verrucariaceae Zenker
In a multigene phylogenetic analyses (Gueidan et al. 2007) show the generic concept in this family requires revision. Several genera were found to be polyphyletic. Four well-supported lineages were found. Morphological characters and their evolution is discussed. Taxonomic consequences are kept to a minimum and only few species are transferred to other genera based on these results.

4849. Wakefieldiomyces Kobayasi
Wakefieldiomyces is included in Podocrella by Chaverri et al. (2005).

4850. Wallrothiella Sacc.
Garcia et al. (2006) placed this genus in Coniochaetales based on LSU sequence data for Wallrothiella subiculosa. This species is morphologically distinct from the type species Wallrothiella congregata (Réblová & Seifert 2004) which could not be placed due to lack of molecular data. The genus will remain in the Sordariomycetidae inc. sed. for the present.

4851. Zygozyma van der Walt & Arx
See note under Lipomycetaceae.

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• Henssen, A. & Lücking, R. 2002. Morphology, anatomy, and ontogeny in the Asterothyriaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales), a misunderstood group of lichenized fungi. - Annales Botanici Fennici 39: 273-299.
  
• Hibbett, D.S., Binder, M., Bischoff, J.F., Blackwell, M., Cannon, P.F., Eriksson, O.E., Huhndorf, S., James, T., Kirk, P.M., Lucking, R., Lumbsch, H.T., Lutzoni, F., Matheny, P.B., McLaughlin, D.J., Powell, M.J., Redhead, S., Schoch, C.L., Spatafora, J.W., Stalpers, J.A., Vilgalys, R., Aime, M.C., Aptroot, A., Bauer, R., Begerow, D., Benny, G.L., Castlebury, L.A., Crous, P.W., Dai, Y.C., Gams, W., Geiser, D.M., Griffith, G.W., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D.L., Hestmark, G., Hosaka, K., Humber, R.A., Hyde, K.D., Ironside, J.E., Koljalg, U., Kurtzman, C.P., Larsson, K.H., Lichtwardt, R., Longcore, J., Miadlikowska, J., Miller, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mozley-Standridge, S., Oberwinkler, F., Parmasto, E., Reeb, V., Rogers, J.D., Roux, C., Ryvarden, L., Sampaio, J.P., Schussler, A., Sugiyama, J., Thorn, R.G., Tibell, L., Untereiner, W.A., Walker, C., Wang, Z., Weir, A., Weiss, M., White, M.M., Winka, K., Yao, Y.J. & Zhang, N. 2007. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. - Mycological Research 111: 509-547.
  
• Hofstetter, V., Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F. & Lutzoni, F. 2007. Phylogenetic comparison of protein-coding versus ribosomal RNA-coding sequence data: A case study of the Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota). - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 412-426.
  
• Huhndorf, S.M., Miller, A.N. & Fernandez, F.A. 2004. Molecular systematics of the Sordariales: the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae redefined. - Mycologia 96: 368-387.
  
• Jaklitsch, W. 2007. Immersisphaeria gen. nov. from Poland. - Mycotaxon 101: 17-23.
  
• Jørgensen, P.M. 2003. Conspectus familiae Pannariaceae (Ascomycetes lichenosae). - Ilicifolia 4: 1-79.
  
• Kurtzman, C.P., Albertyn, J. & Basehoar-Powers, E. 2007. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of the Lipmycetaceae and the proposed transfer of Zygozyma species to Lipomyces and Babjevia anomala to Dipodascopsis. - FEMS Yeast Research 7: 1027-1034.
  
• Lachance, M.A. & Starmer, W.T. 2008. Kurtzmaniella gen. nov. and description of the heterothallic, haplontic yeast species Kurtzmaniella cleridarum sp. nov., the teleomorph of Candida cleridarum. - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 520-524.
  
• Lai, M.J., Qian, Z.G. & Xu, L. 2007. Synopsis of the cetrarioid lichen genera and species (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycotina) in China. - Journal of the National Taiwan Museum 60: 45-62.
  
• Limtong, S., Srisuk, N., Yongmanitchai, W., Yurimoto, H. & Nakase, T. 2008. Ogataea chonburiensis sp. nov. and Ogataea nakhonphanomensis sp. nov., thermotolerant, methylotrophic yeast species isolated in Thailand, and transfer of Pichia siamensis and Pichia thermomethanolica to the genus Ogataea. - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 58: 302-307.
  
• Lücking, R. 2007. Kalbographa: Monografie einer unerkannten Flechtengattung. - Bibliotheca Lichenologica 96: 185-192.
  
• Lumbsch, H.T., Schmitt, I., Lucking, R., Wiklund, E. & Wedin, M. 2007a. The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited (vol 111, pg 257, 2007). - Mycological Research 111: 508-508.
  
• Lumbsch, H.T., Schmitt, I., Mangold, A. & Wedin, M. 2007b. Ascus types are phylogenetically misleading in Trapeliaceae and Agyriaceae (Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota). - Mycological Research 111: 1133-1141.
  
• Mangold, A., Martin, M.P., Kalb, K., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2008. Molecular data show that Topeliopsis (Ascomycota, Thelotremataceae) is polyphyletic. - Lichenologist 40: 39-46.
  
• Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Hofstetter, V., Fraker, E., Grube, M., Hafellner, J., Reeb, V., Hodkinson, B.P., Kukwa, M., Lucking, R., Hestmark, G., Otalora, M.G., Rauhut, A., Budel, B., Scheidegger, C., Timdal, E., Stenroos, S., Brodo, I., Perlmutter, G.B., Ertz, D., Diederich, P., Lendemer, J.C., May, P., Schoch, C.L., Arnold, A.E., Gueidan, C., Tripp, E., Yahr, R., Robertson, C. & Lutzoni, F. 2006. New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. - Mycologia 98: 1088-1103.
  
• Miller, A.N., Vasilyeva, L.N. & Rogers, J.D. 2007. Chlorostoma subcubisporum gen. et sp. nov. and notes on the systematic position of Thuemenella cubispora. - Sydowia 59: 138-147.
  
• Narumi-Saito, T., Hosoya, T., Sano, T. & Harada, Y. 2006. Nervostroma, gen. nov. in the Sclerotiniaceae, the teleomorph of Cristulariella, and Hinomyces anam. gen. nov. to accommodate the anamorph of Grovesinia: reassessment of the genus Cristulariella. - Mycoscience 47: 351-359.
  
• Perry, B.A., Hansen, K. & Pfister, D.H. 2007. A phylogenetic overview of the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales). - Mycological Research 111: 549-571.
  
• Perry, B.A. & Pfister, D.H. 2008. Chaetothiersia vernalis, a new genus and species of Pyrenomataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales) from California. - Fungal Diversity 28: 65-72.
  
• Posada, F., Aime, M.C., Peterson, S.W., Rehner, S.A. & Vega, F.E. 2007. Inoculation of coffee plants with the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota : Hypocreales). - Mycological Research 111: 748-757.
  
• Réblová, M. & Mostert, L. 2007. Romellia is congeneric with Togninia, and description of Conidiotheca gen. nov for one species of this genus with polysporous asci. - Mycological Research 111: 299-307.
  
• Réblová, M. & Seifert, K.A. 2004. Cryptadelphia (Trichosphaeriales), a new genus for holomorphs with Brachysporium anamorphs and clarification of the taxonomic status of Wallrothiella. Mycologia 96:343-367.
  
• Réblová, M. & Seifert, K.A. 2007. A new fungal genus, Teracosphaeria, with a phialophora-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). - Mycological Research 111: 287-298.
  
• Réblová, M., Mostert, L., Gams, W. & Crous, P.W. 2004. New genera in the Calosphaeriales: Togniniella and its anamorph Phaeocrella, and Calosphaeriophora as anamorph of Calosphaeria. - Studies in Mycology 50: 533-550.
  
• Reese Naesborg, R., Ekman, S. & Tibell, L. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Lecania (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). - Mycological Research 111: 581-591.
  
• Rossman, A.Y., Farr, D.F. & Castlebury, L.A. 2007. A review of the phylogeny and biology of the Diaporthales. - Mycoscience 48: 135-144.
  
• Schmitt, I., Lumbsch, H.T. & Sochting, U. 2003. Phylogeny of the lichen genus Placopsis and its allies based on Bayesian analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. - Mycologia 95: 827-835.
  
• Schoch, C.L., Shoemaker, R.A., Seifert, K.A., Hambleton, S., Spatafora, J.W. & Crous, P.W. 2006. A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci. - Mycologia 98: 1041-1052.
  
• Stchigel, A.M., Cano, J., Miller, A.N., Calduch, M. & Guarro, J. 2006. Corylomyces: a new genus of Sordariales from plant debris in France. - Mycological Research 110: 1361-1368.
  
• Sung, G.H., Hywel-Jones, N., Sung, J.M., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Shrestha, B. & Spatafora, J.W. 2007. Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. - Studies in Mycology 57: 5-59.
  
• Takamatsu, S., Braun, U. & Limkaisang, S. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and generic affinity of Uncinula septata inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. - Mycoscience 46: 9-16.
  
• Tehler, A. & Irestedt, M. 2007. Parallel evolution of lichen growth forms in the family Roccellaceae (Arthoniales, Ascomycota). - Cladistics 23: 432-454.
  
• Vasilyeva, L.N., Rossman, A.Y. & Farr, D.F. 2007. New species of the Diaporthales from eastern Asia and eastern North America. - Mycologia 99: 916-923.
  
• Vasilyeva, L.N. & Stephenson, S.L. 2007. Cryptovalsaria gen. nov. and its two new species from eastern Asia and south central North America. - Sydowia 59: 154-160.
  
• Wang, Z., Johnston, P.R., Takamatsu, S., Spatafora, J.W. & Hibbett, D.S. 2006. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Leotiomycetes based on rDNA data. - Mycologia 98: 1065-1075.
  
• Wedin, M., Wiklund, E., Crewe, A., Doring, H., Ekman, S., Nyberg, A., Schmitt, I. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) as revealed by analyses of mtSSU and nLSU rDNA sequence data. - Mycological Research 109: 159-172.
  
• Westberg, M., Arup, U. & Kärnefelt, I. 2007. Phylogenetic studies in the Candelariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) based on nuclear ITS DNA sequence data. - Mycological Research 111: 1277-1284.
  
• Winton, L.M., Stone, J.K., Hansen, E.M. & Shoemaker, R.A. 2007. The systematic position of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. - Mycologia 99: 240-252.
  
• Zare, R., Gams, W., Starink-Willemse, M. & Summerbell, R.C. 2007. Gibberulopsis, a suitable genus for Verticillium nigrescens, and Musicillium, a new genus for V. theobromae. - Nova Hedwigia 85: 463-489.
  
• Zhang N. & Blackwell M. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of Melanospora and similar pyrenomycetous fungi. - Mycological Research 106: 148-155.
  
• Zhang, Y., Yu, Z.F., Baral, H.O., Qiao, M. & Zhang, K.Q. 2007. Pseudorbilia, gen. nov. (Orbiliaceae) from Yunnan, China. - Fungal Diversity 26: 305-312.
  
  

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2007-06-05

4616. Aporothielavia Malloch & Cain
Greif and Currah (2007) studied the ascoma development in this monotypic genus and showed that A. leptoderma belongs in Chaetomidium. Consequently, Aporothielavia is placed into synonymy with that genus.

4617. Aptrootia Lücking & Sipman
Lücking et al. (2007) described this new genus in Trypetheliaceae for an aberrant species in that family. It was previously believed to belong to Thelenellaceae, but del Prado et al. (2006) demonstrated it belongs to Dothideomycetes. It should be noted that the generic concept in this family requires revision.

4618. Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler & Currah
Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in Onygenales.

4619. Arthrorhaphidaceae Poelt & Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this family needs to be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed.

4620. Arxiozyma Van der Walt & Yarrow
Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) showed that the genus is synonymous with Kazachstania.

4621. Ascosphaerales Gäum. ex Skou
Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in Onygenales.

4622. Babjevia van der Walt & M.Th. Smith
See note 4643.

4623. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.
In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this family clustered in Ostropomycetidae and it will be placed in this suborder inc. sed. in the next outline.

4624. Boreoplaca Timdal
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence that this genus should be transferred from Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed., supporting earlier studies by Wedin et al. (2005).

4625. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.
See note 4626 under Botryosphaeriales.

4626. Botryosphaeriales Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker
This new order in Dothideomycetes is described by Schoch et al. (2007) to accommodate Botryosphaeriaceae.

4627. Bryoglossum Redhead
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transferring this genus from Geoglossaceae to Hyaloscyphaceae.

4628. Caliciaceae Chevall.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported previous results that this family is nested within Physciaceae (Helms et al. 2003, Wedin et al. 2003). Hence in the next outline Caliciaceae will be treated as a synonym of Physciaceae.

4629. Candelariaceae Hakul.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported the independence of Candelariaceae from Lecanoraceae and found this family to cluster as sister to Lecanoromycetidae+Ostropmycetidae. They indicate that the description of an order to accommodate this family will be necessary.

4630. Capnodiales Woron.
This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by Schoch et al. (2007).

4631. Catillochroma Kalb
The genus is described by Kalb (2007) for a number of crustose, predominantly tropical species that have a layered exciple with a prosoplectenchymatous outer part and an inner part, which is composed of a textura intricata with large intercellular spaces. It is placed in Megalariaceae and will be accepted in the forthcoming outline.

4632. Chlorencoelia J.R. Dixon
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae.

4633. Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon
Geiser et al. (2007) and Spatafora et al. (2007) showed that this order belong to Eurotiomycetidae.

4634. Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin
The genus is described in Inderbitzin et al. (2006) for a species previously included in Pleospora, but differing in ascospore- and anamorph-morphology. Molecular analyses show that it belongs to the Alternaria group and not in Pleospora. Hence, the genus will be accepted in the forthcoming outline.

4635. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter
This family will be placed in Pleosporales in the forthcoming outline, following the study by Schoch et al. (2007).

4636. Davidgallowia Aptroot
Aptroot (2007) described this new lichen genus for a single collection from Papua New Guinea. The genus is placed in Parmeliaceae and said to differ from the morphologically similar genera Cavernularia and Hypogymnia by the absence of atranorin in the cortex and bicornute ascospores. It differs from Menegazzia in having a smooth upper surface and also bicornute ascospores. No molecular data were presented. Since bicornute ascospores are not regarded as a generic character in other genera in Parmeliaceae (e.g. Bulbothrix contains species with ellipsoidal and bicornute ascospores; Divakar & Upreti 2004, Elix 1994), the status of this genus requires additional studies. It will be accepted in Parmeliaceae for the time being.

4637. Davidiellaceae Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker
This new family in Capnodiales is described for Davidiella species with their Cladosporium anamorphs (Schoch et al. 2007).

4638. Dekkera van der Walt
See note 4710 under Pichiaceae.

4639. Diatrypaceae Nitschke
A phylogenetic study based on morphological characters of the family is presented by Caraman et al. (2006) who propose to resurrect Peroneutypa (see under note 4701).

4640. Dictyographa Müll. Arg.
This genus is reduced to synonymy with Opegrapha by Ertz and Diederich (2007). These authors confirm previous studies (Matzer 1996) showing that the two genera agree in most ascomatal characters, with the sole exception of spore septation. While Opegrapha has transversally septate ascospores, the spores in Dictyographa are muriform. Consequently, the two genera are merged, which will be followed in the next outline.

4641. Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc.
This genus clustered in Pleosporales in the analyses by Schoch et al. (2007).

4642. Diomedella Hertel
Diomedella was reduced to synonymy with Lecanora by Rambold (1989), which will be followed in the forthcoming outline.

4643. Dipodascopsis L.R. Batra & Millner
Kurtzman et al. (2007) emendated the diagnosis of this genus to include Babjevia.

4644. Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Schoch et al. (2007) presented a new phylogenetic analysis using a multigene data set from 96 taxa and discussed the evolution of characters in this class. Numerous changes are necessary as the result of this study, these are listed under the subclass, order, family and generic names.

4645. Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C, David & J.A. Stalpers ex Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker
The new subclass in Dothideomycetes (Schoch et al. 2007) is described for the aparaphysate Dothideomycetes and includes the orders Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Myriangiales.

4646. Etheirophora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.
See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae.

4647. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Geiser et al. (2007) used a multigene data set to infer the phylogeny of this class and provided an overview of the incredible morphological diversity in this clade. They confirmed the monophyly of the class with two subclasses, i.e. Chaetothyriomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae. The former includes the orders Chaetothyriales, Pyrenulales, and Verrucariales, while Eurotiomycetidae includes Coryneliales, Eurotiales, and Onygenales (including Arachnomyctales and Ascosphaerales). The placement of Mycocaliciales in the class is not strongly supported.

4648. Gallaicolichen Serux. & Lücking
This new genus is introduced for a sterile foliicolous lichen that cannot be placed elsewhere (Serusiaux & Lücking 2007). In the absence of any ascomata or molecular data, the genus will be placed incertae sedis in the next outline.

4649. Gemmaspora D. Hawksw. & Halici
The new genus Gemmaspora is described for a lichenicolous fungus occurring on Aspicilia species. It is referred to Verrucariales based on ascoma and ascus structure (Hawksworth & Halici 2007).

4650. Gilkeya M.E. Sm., Trappe & Rizzo
Gilkeya is described as a monotypic genus for an ectomycorrhizal fungus in Pyrenomataceae (Smith et al. 2006). The new genus is similar to Genea, but differs in having globose ascospores, vinaceous peridium and lack of a basal tuft of hyphae. In the phylogenetic analyses using nu LSU rDNA sequences, the genus is sister to Genea.

4651. Glomerellaceae Locq. ex Seifert & W. Gams
This new family is described in Zhang et al. (2007) to accommodate the genus Glomerella. The new family is placed in Hypocreomycetidae inc. sed.

4652. Guignardia Viala & Ravaz
Schoch et al. (2007) showed that the genus belongs to Bortyosphaeriaceae.

4653. Gyalectales Henssen & Jahns ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Gyalectales was shown to be nested within Ostropales by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) who discussed the possible classification of Ostropales (Ostropales s. lat. vs. Graphidales, Gyalectales and Ostropales s.str.). Gyalectales will be included in Ostropales in the next outline. Molecular analyses including Gomphillaceae and Odontotremataceae are urgently needed for a revised classification in this group.

4654. Helicogonium W.L. White
Suh et al. (2007) include this genus in Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data are currently available and Baral (1999) and Ertz and Diederich (2007) point out similarities to other mycoparasitic Helotiales. Currently, the genus is placed under Ascomycota inc. sed. and will remain there until molecular data become available that will allow us to understand the relationships of that genus.

4655. Helotiales Nannf.
Wang et al. (2007) found this order to be paraphyletic with Cyttariales, Erysiphales, and Rhytismatales nested within.

4656. Heyderia (Fr.) Link
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae.

4657. Himantormia I.M. Lamb
The placement of this Antarctic endemic in Parmeliaceae is supported by Thell et al. (2007), but the closest relative within the family remains unknown. The genus is expanded to include Nimisia that occurs in Tierra del Fuego (see note 4694).

4658. Holwaya Sacc.
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Bulgariaceae.

4659. Hymeneliaceae Körb.
In the analysis by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this family was sister to Agyriales. It will be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed. in the next outline.

4660. Hyphopichia von Arx & van der Walt
Kurtzman (2005) presented molecular evidence for the distinction of this genus, which will be accepted in Saccharomycetales inc. sed. in the next outline.

4661. Hypocenomyce M. Choisy
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this genus should be transferred from Lecideaceae to Ophioparmaceae, supporting earlier studies by Wedin et al. (2005).

4662. Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Schoch et al. (2007b) demonstrated the presence of a third lineage of marine fungi in this subclass in addition to Halosphaeriales and Lulworthiales. This clade is informally named TBM clade, since relationships are not resolved with confidence. The genera in this clade will be placed in Hypocreomycetidae inc. sed. In the next outline. The clade includes the genera Etheirophora (previously Halosphaeriales), Juncigena (previously in Magnaporthaceae), Swampomyces and Torpedospora (both previously in Sordariomycetes inc. sed.). The placement of Bertia, Chaetosphaerella and Melanospora in the TBM clade is uncertain due to long branches leading to these taxa, although the placement of these groups in the Hypocreomycetidae is supported by other studies (Zhang et al. 2007).

4663. Hysteriales Lindau
The order was is not monophyletic with only three out of the four species sampled forming a clade. Although falling within the Dothideomycetes, the clade containing Hysterium could not be placed within the two subclasses defined (Schoch et al. 2007).

4664. Jahnulales Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El-Sharouney, E.B.G. Jones & Sivichai
The placement of this order in Dothideomycetes remains unclear based on nu SSU (Schoch et al. 2007, data not shown, however).

4665. Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.
See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae.

4666. Kawasakia Y. Yamada & Nogawa
See note 4677.

4667. Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw.
This genus clustered in Dothideomycetes in the analysis by Schoch et al. (2007).

4668. Kodamaea Y. Yamada, T. Suzuki, Matsuda & Mikata
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4669. Kregervanrija Kurtzman
Kurtzman (2006) proposed this new genus that is placed in Pichiaceae, see also note 4710 under Pichiaceae.

4670. Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) presented a new phylogenetic analysis based on five different nuclear loci including over 250 taxa. The class is strongly supported as monophyletic with three monophyletic subclasses: Acarosporomycetidae, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, and Candelariaceae that cannot be placed in either of the sublclasses.

4671. Lecanoromycetidae
The circumscription of this subclass remains uncertain. In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) the subclass including Umbilicariaceae, Rhizocarpaceae and allied familes lacks support. The phylogenetic placement of these familes requires additional studies.

4672. Lecideaceae Chevall.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family should be transferred from Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed. Further, they confirmed previous results of Buschbom & Mueller (2004) Porpidiaceae is synonymous with this family.

4673. Lecidoma Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this genus needs to be transferred from Psoraceae to Lecideaceae.

4674. Leotiomyceta O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Spatafora et al. (2007) found Leotiomyceta to be a strongly supported monophyletic group in a five-gene analysis of Pezizomycotina with Pezizomycetes and Orbiliomycetes being basal to this clade. Consequently, Leotiomyceta will be resurrected in the next outline.

4675. Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Wang et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of this class using nuclear ribosomal sequences. They found strong support for the class including the orders Cyttariales, Erysiphales, Rhtismatales, a paraphyletic Helotiales, and the families Myxotrichiaceae and Pseudoeurotiaceae that cannot be placed in either of these orders. Geoglossaceae was confirmed as being outside the class (corroborated by Spatafora et al. 2007).

4676. Lignoscripta B.D. Ryan
This new genus is described for a single new lichen species collected on wood in southwestern North America (Ryan 2004). It is said to differ from the similar Xylographa by having whitish pruinose apothecial margins, black discs, bacilliform conidia and further ascomatal characters. The genus is placed in Agyriaceae.

4677. Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & Zsolt
Kurtzman et al. (2007) used a multigene data set to study the phylogeny of Lipomycetaceae. They confirmed this family to be monophyletic and proposed a revised generic concept: the genera Kawasakia and Zygozyma are reduced to synonymy with Lipomyces and Babjevia with Dipodascopsis.

4678. Lopezaria Kalb & Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence that this genus should be transferred from Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Ramalinaceae.

4679. Lophiostomataceae Sacc.
The family is polyphyletic and falls into two groups in the study by Schoch et al. (2007).

4680. Loxosporaceae Kalb & Staiger
See note 4720 under Sarrameanaceae.

4681. Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.-Kohlm.
Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007) showed that the order does not fit into any of the three subclasses of Sordariomycetes.

4616. Aporothielavia Malloch & Cain
Greif and Currah (2007) studied the ascoma development in this monotypic genus and showed that A. leptoderma belongs in Chaetomidium. Consequently, Aporothielavia is placed into synonymy with that genus.

4617. Aptrootia Lücking & Sipman
Lücking et al. (2007) described this new genus in Trypetheliaceae for an aberrant species in that family. It was previously believed to belong to Thelenellaceae, but del Prado et al. (2006) demonstrated it belongs to Dothideomycetes. It should be noted that the generic concept in this family requires revision.

4618. Arachnomycetales Gibas, Sigler & Currah
Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in Onygenales.

4619. Arthrorhaphidaceae Poelt & Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this family needs to be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed.

4620. Arxiozyma Van der Walt & Yarrow
Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) showed that the genus is synonymous with Kazachstania.

4621. Ascosphaerales Gäum. ex Skou
Geiser et al. (2007) included this order in Onygenales.

4622. Babjevia van der Walt & M.Th. Smith
See note 4643.

4623. Baeomycetaceae Dumort.
In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this family clustered in Ostropomycetidae and it will be placed in this suborder inc. sed. in the next outline.

4624. Boreoplaca Timdal
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence that this genus should be transferred from Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed., supporting earlier studies by Wedin et al. (2005).

4625. Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.
See note 4626 under Botryosphaeriales.

4626. Botryosphaeriales Schoch, Crous & Shoemaker
This new order in Dothideomycetes is described by Schoch et al. (2007) to accommodate Botryosphaeriaceae.

4627. Bryoglossum Redhead
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transferring this genus from Geoglossaceae to Hyaloscyphaceae.

4628. Caliciaceae Chevall.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported previous results that this family is nested within Physciaceae (Helms et al. 2003, Wedin et al. 2003). Hence in the next outline Caliciaceae will be treated as a synonym of Physciaceae.

4629. Candelariaceae Hakul.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) supported the independence of Candelariaceae from Lecanoraceae and found this family to cluster as sister to Lecanoromycetidae+Ostropmycetidae. They indicate that the description of an order to accommodate this family will be necessary.

4630. Capnodiales Woron.
This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by Schoch et al. (2007).

4631. Catillochroma Kalb
The genus is described by Kalb (2007) for a number of crustose, predominantly tropical species that have a layered exciple with a prosoplectenchymatous outer part and an inner part, which is composed of a textura intricata with large intercellular spaces. It is placed in Megalariaceae and will be accepted in the forthcoming outline.

4632. Chlorencoelia J.R. Dixon
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae.

4633. Coryneliales Seaver & Chardon
Geiser et al. (2007) and Spatafora et al. (2007) showed that this order belong to Eurotiomycetidae.

4634. Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin
The genus is described in Inderbitzin et al. (2006) for a species previously included in Pleospora, but differing in ascospore- and anamorph-morphology. Molecular analyses show that it belongs to the Alternaria group and not in Pleospora. Hence, the genus will be accepted in the forthcoming outline.

4635. Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter
This family will be placed in Pleosporales in the forthcoming outline, following the study by Schoch et al. (2007).

4636. Davidgallowia Aptroot
Aptroot (2007) described this new lichen genus for a single collection from Papua New Guinea. The genus is placed in Parmeliaceae and said to differ from the morphologically similar genera Cavernularia and Hypogymnia by the absence of atranorin in the cortex and bicornute ascospores. It differs from Menegazzia in having a smooth upper surface and also bicornute ascospores. No molecular data were presented. Since bicornute ascospores are not regarded as a generic character in other genera in Parmeliaceae (e.g. Bulbothrix contains species with ellipsoidal and bicornute ascospores; Divakar & Upreti 2004, Elix 1994), the status of this genus requires additional studies. It will be accepted in Parmeliaceae for the time being.

4637. Davidiellaceae Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker
This new family in Capnodiales is described for Davidiella species with their Cladosporium anamorphs (Schoch et al. 2007).

4638. Dekkera van der Walt
See note 4710 under Pichiaceae.

4639. Diatrypaceae Nitschke
A phylogenetic study based on morphological characters of the family is presented by Caraman et al. (2006) who propose to resurrect Peroneutypa (see under note 4701).

4640. Dictyographa Müll. Arg.
This genus is reduced to synonymy with Opegrapha by Ertz and Diederich (2007). These authors confirm previous studies (Matzer 1996) showing that the two genera agree in most ascomatal characters, with the sole exception of spore septation. While Opegrapha has transversally septate ascospores, the spores in Dictyographa are muriform. Consequently, the two genera are merged, which will be followed in the next outline.

4641. Didymella Sacc. ex D. Sacc.
This genus clustered in Pleosporales in the analyses by Schoch et al. (2007).

4642. Diomedella Hertel
Diomedella was reduced to synonymy with Lecanora by Rambold (1989), which will be followed in the forthcoming outline.

4643. Dipodascopsis L.R. Batra & Millner
Kurtzman et al. (2007) emendated the diagnosis of this genus to include Babjevia.

4644. Dothideomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Schoch et al. (2007) presented a new phylogenetic analysis using a multigene data set from 96 taxa and discussed the evolution of characters in this class. Numerous changes are necessary as the result of this study, these are listed under the subclass, order, family and generic names.

4645. Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, J.C, David & J.A. Stalpers ex Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker
The new subclass in Dothideomycetes (Schoch et al. 2007) is described for the aparaphysate Dothideomycetes and includes the orders Capnodiales, Dothideales, and Myriangiales.

4646. Etheirophora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.
See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae.

4647. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Geiser et al. (2007) used a multigene data set to infer the phylogeny of this class and provided an overview of the incredible morphological diversity in this clade. They confirmed the monophyly of the class with two subclasses, i.e. Chaetothyriomycetidae and Eurotiomycetidae. The former includes the orders Chaetothyriales, Pyrenulales, and Verrucariales, while Eurotiomycetidae includes Coryneliales, Eurotiales, and Onygenales (including Arachnomyctales and Ascosphaerales). The placement of Mycocaliciales in the class is not strongly supported.

4648. Gallaicolichen Serux. & Lücking
This new genus is introduced for a sterile foliicolous lichen that cannot be placed elsewhere (Serusiaux & Lücking 2007). In the absence of any ascomata or molecular data, the genus will be placed incertae sedis in the next outline.

4649. Gemmaspora D. Hawksw. & Halici
The new genus Gemmaspora is described for a lichenicolous fungus occurring on Aspicilia species. It is referred to Verrucariales based on ascoma and ascus structure (Hawksworth & Halici 2007).

4650. Gilkeya M.E. Sm., Trappe & Rizzo
Gilkeya is described as a monotypic genus for an ectomycorrhizal fungus in Pyrenomataceae (Smith et al. 2006). The new genus is similar to Genea, but differs in having globose ascospores, vinaceous peridium and lack of a basal tuft of hyphae. In the phylogenetic analyses using nu LSU rDNA sequences, the genus is sister to Genea.

4651. Glomerellaceae Locq. ex Seifert & W. Gams
This new family is described in Zhang et al. (2007) to accommodate the genus Glomerella. The new family is placed in Hypocreomycetidae inc. sed.

4652. Guignardia Viala & Ravaz
Schoch et al. (2007) showed that the genus belongs to Bortyosphaeriaceae.

4653. Gyalectales Henssen & Jahns ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.
Gyalectales was shown to be nested within Ostropales by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) who discussed the possible classification of Ostropales (Ostropales s. lat. vs. Graphidales, Gyalectales and Ostropales s.str.). Gyalectales will be included in Ostropales in the next outline. Molecular analyses including Gomphillaceae and Odontotremataceae are urgently needed for a revised classification in this group.

4654. Helicogonium W.L. White
Suh et al. (2007) include this genus in Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data are currently available and Baral (1999) and Ertz and Diederich (2007) point out similarities to other mycoparasitic Helotiales. Currently, the genus is placed under Ascomycota inc. sed. and will remain there until molecular data become available that will allow us to understand the relationships of that genus.

4655. Helotiales Nannf.
Wang et al. (2007) found this order to be paraphyletic with Cyttariales, Erysiphales, and Rhytismatales nested within.

4656. Heyderia (Fr.) Link
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Hemiphacidiaceae.

4657. Himantormia I.M. Lamb
The placement of this Antarctic endemic in Parmeliaceae is supported by Thell et al. (2007), but the closest relative within the family remains unknown. The genus is expanded to include Nimisia that occurs in Tierra del Fuego (see note 4694).

4658. Holwaya Sacc.
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Bulgariaceae.

4659. Hymeneliaceae Körb.
In the analysis by Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this family was sister to Agyriales. It will be placed in Ostropomycetidae inc. sed. in the next outline.

4660. Hyphopichia von Arx & van der Walt
Kurtzman (2005) presented molecular evidence for the distinction of this genus, which will be accepted in Saccharomycetales inc. sed. in the next outline.

4661. Hypocenomyce M. Choisy
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this genus should be transferred from Lecideaceae to Ophioparmaceae, supporting earlier studies by Wedin et al. (2005).

4662. Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Schoch et al. (2007b) demonstrated the presence of a third lineage of marine fungi in this subclass in addition to Halosphaeriales and Lulworthiales. This clade is informally named TBM clade, since relationships are not resolved with confidence. The genera in this clade will be placed in Hypocreomycetidae inc. sed. In the next outline. The clade includes the genera Etheirophora (previously Halosphaeriales), Juncigena (previously in Magnaporthaceae), Swampomyces and Torpedospora (both previously in Sordariomycetes inc. sed.). The placement of Bertia, Chaetosphaerella and Melanospora in the TBM clade is uncertain due to long branches leading to these taxa, although the placement of these groups in the Hypocreomycetidae is supported by other studies (Zhang et al. 2007).

4663. Hysteriales Lindau
The order was is not monophyletic with only three out of the four species sampled forming a clade. Although falling within the Dothideomycetes, the clade containing Hysterium could not be placed within the two subclasses defined (Schoch et al. 2007).

4664. Jahnulales Pang, Abdel-Wahab, El-Sharouney, E.B.G. Jones & Sivichai
The placement of this order in Dothideomycetes remains unclear based on nu SSU (Schoch et al. 2007, data not shown, however).

4665. Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.
See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae.

4666. Kawasakia Y. Yamada & Nogawa
See note 4677.

4667. Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw.
This genus clustered in Dothideomycetes in the analysis by Schoch et al. (2007).

4668. Kodamaea Y. Yamada, T. Suzuki, Matsuda & Mikata
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4669. Kregervanrija Kurtzman
Kurtzman (2006) proposed this new genus that is placed in Pichiaceae, see also note 4710 under Pichiaceae.

4670. Lecanoromycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) presented a new phylogenetic analysis based on five different nuclear loci including over 250 taxa. The class is strongly supported as monophyletic with three monophyletic subclasses: Acarosporomycetidae, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, and Candelariaceae that cannot be placed in either of the sublclasses.

4671. Lecanoromycetidae
The circumscription of this subclass remains uncertain. In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) the subclass including Umbilicariaceae, Rhizocarpaceae and allied familes lacks support. The phylogenetic placement of these familes requires additional studies.

4672. Lecideaceae Chevall.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family should be transferred from Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed. Further, they confirmed previous results of Buschbom & Mueller (2004) Porpidiaceae is synonymous with this family.

4673. Lecidoma Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this genus needs to be transferred from Psoraceae to Lecideaceae.

4674. Leotiomyceta O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Spatafora et al. (2007) found Leotiomyceta to be a strongly supported monophyletic group in a five-gene analysis of Pezizomycotina with Pezizomycetes and Orbiliomycetes being basal to this clade. Consequently, Leotiomyceta will be resurrected in the next outline.

4675. Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Wang et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of this class using nuclear ribosomal sequences. They found strong support for the class including the orders Cyttariales, Erysiphales, Rhtismatales, a paraphyletic Helotiales, and the families Myxotrichiaceae and Pseudoeurotiaceae that cannot be placed in either of these orders. Geoglossaceae was confirmed as being outside the class (corroborated by Spatafora et al. 2007).

4676. Lignoscripta B.D. Ryan
This new genus is described for a single new lichen species collected on wood in southwestern North America (Ryan 2004). It is said to differ from the similar Xylographa by having whitish pruinose apothecial margins, black discs, bacilliform conidia and further ascomatal characters. The genus is placed in Agyriaceae.

4677. Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & Zsolt
Kurtzman et al. (2007) used a multigene data set to study the phylogeny of Lipomycetaceae. They confirmed this family to be monophyletic and proposed a revised generic concept: the genera Kawasakia and Zygozyma are reduced to synonymy with Lipomyces and Babjevia with Dipodascopsis.

4678. Lopezaria Kalb & Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence that this genus should be transferred from Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Ramalinaceae.

4679. Lophiostomataceae Sacc.
The family is polyphyletic and falls into two groups in the study by Schoch et al. (2007).

4680. Loxosporaceae Kalb & Staiger
See note 4720 under Sarrameanaceae.

4681. Lulworthiales Kohlm., Spatafora & Volkm.-Kohlm.
Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007) showed that the order does not fit into any of the three subclasses of Sordariomycetes.

4682. Massalongiaceae Wedin, P.M. Jørg. & E. Wiklund
This new family is introduced for a monophyletic clade including the genera Leptochidium, Massalongia and Polychidium (Wedin et al. 2007). These genera were previously placed inc. sed. in Peltigerinaeae (Massalongia) or Placynthiaceae (Leptochidium, Polychidium). The new family is morphologically characterized by a similar type of ascoma development and ascus-type.

4683. Melanosporales nom. nud.
This order is suggested in Zhang et al. (2007) but not validly described.

4684. Microascales Luttr. ex Benny & Kimbr.
This order was paraphyletic in the studies by Tang et al. (2007) and Zhang et al. (2007) with Halosphaeriales nested within.

4685. Microglossum Gillet
This genus was previously placed in Geoglossaceae, but according to Spatafora et al. (2007) it should be classified in Leotiaceae. This is also corroborated in the study by Wang et al. (2007).

4686. Mollicamarops Lar. N. Vassilijeva
Vassilijeva (2007) described this new genus from the Russian Far East. Mollicamarops is characterized by effused, colored, soft and thin stromata with black stellate ostioles. The stipitate asci and ellipsoid brown ascospores are similar to those found in some species of Camarops and typical for members of the Boliniaceae, where it will be included. No molecular data were included but these could help to determine if it is distinct from Camarops.

4687. Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau
The family belongs to Capnodiales (Schoch et al. 2007).

4688. Myriangiales Starbäck
This order is placed in Dothideomycetidae by Schoch et al. (2007).

4689. Myriogonium W.L. White
Suh et al. (2007) accepted this genus in Endomycetaceae. However, no molecular data are currently available and Baral (1999) placed the genus into synonymy with Helicogonium. Until more data are available, the genus will be regarded as a synonym of Helicogonium.

4690. Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst.
The family is shown to belong to Pleosporales (Schoch et al. 2007).

4691. Myxotrichaceae Currah
Wang et al. (2007) found this family to be polyphyletic.

4692. Nakazawaea Y. Yamada, Maeda & Mikata
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4693. Neolectomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
See note 4733!

4694. Nimisia Kärnefelt & A. Thell
This monotypic genus is shown to belong to Himantormia using molecular and morphological data (Thell et al. 2007) and hence will be placed in synonymy with the latter genus is the forthcoming outline.

4695. Ogataea Y. Yamada, Maeda & Mikata
This genus was recently acceptd by Morais et al. (2004) and Peter et al. (2007).

4696. Ophioparmaceae R.W. Rogers & Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family should be transferred from Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed.

4697. Otidea (Pers.) Bon.
The phylogeny of this genus is examined by Liu and Zhuang (2006) using nu LSU rDNA sequences. The genus is shown to be monophyletic including Flavoscypha and Otideopsis.

4698. Otideopsis B. Liu & J.Z. Cao
Liu and Zhuang (2006) reduced this genus into synonymy with Otidea (see note 4697).

4699. Oxneria S. Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt
See note 4735.

4700. Pachyphysis R.C. Harris & Ladd
This genus is described for a crustose lichen found on calcareous rocks in eastern North America (Harris & Ladd 2007). It is related to Farnoldia and Melanolecia (Buschbom & Mueller 2004), but differs from these genera in paraphyses and apothecial pigmentation. The genus is tentatively placed in Porpidiaceae. This family cannot be distinguished from Lecideaceae. Additional studies on the generic concept in the group are urgently needed.

4701. Peroneutypa Berl.
Carmaran et al. (2007) resurrected this genus for a monophyletic clade of species characterized by a special type of ascus (“type 2 asci”) in Diatrypaceae. It will be accepted in the next outline.

4702. Pezizales C. Bessey
Hansen and Pfister (2007) presented a treatment of this order of operculate discomycetes that included a two-gene analysis of nuclear ribosomal sequences. Basically their results agree with those previously presented (Landvik et al. 1997). The order is supported as monophyletic with three major clades, each including several families. Pyrenomataceae is not monophyletic with Ascodesmiaceae and Glaziellaceae nested within. However, additional data are necessary before nomenclatural consequences can be drawn.

4703. Pezizomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka
In a five-gene analysis including nine classes Spatafora et al. (2007) studied the phylogeny of Pezizomycotina. The subphylum is strongly supported as monophyletic with Orbiliomycetes being basal (basal position lacks support) and Pezizomycetes being sister to Leotiomyceta. Within Leotiomycetes the currently accepted classes are supported as monophyletic with the exception of Leotiomycetes. Geoglossaceae cluster with a single Lichinomycete taxon included in the study. The tree topology resembles that found in a study including clades from all fungi by James et al. (2006).

4704. Phaffomyces Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando & Mikata
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4705. Phlyctidaceae Poelt & Vezda ex J.C. David & D. Hawksw.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this family should be placed in Ostropales, which agrees with previous molecular studies (e.g., Wedin et al. 2005).

4706. Phoebus R.C. Harris & Ladd
This new genus in Roccellaceae is described for a crustose lichen found on calcareous rocks in eastern North America (Harris & Ladd 2007) and will be accepted in this family in the next outline.

4707. Physciaceae Zahlbr.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family (including Caliciaceae) should be transferred from Lecanorales to Teloschistales.

4708. Piceomphale Svrcek
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiales inc. sed. to Rutstroemiaceae.

4709. Pichia Hansen
See note 4710 under Pichiaceae.

4710. Pichiaceae Zender
Suh et al. (2007) accepted this family as separate from Saccharomycetaceae. This will be followed in the next outline. The following genera will be placed in Pichiaceae: Dekkera, Kregervanrija, Pichia, and Saturnispora.

4711. Piedraiaceae Viégas ex Cif., Bat. & Campos
Piedraiaceae will be placed in Capnodiales in the next outline, as a result of the phylogenetic analyses by Schoch et al. (2007).

4712. Placynthiaceae Å.E. Dahl
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family should be transferred from Peltigerineae to Collematineae.

4713. Pleosporomycetidae Schoch, Spatafora, Crous & Shoemaker
This new subclass is described to accommodate pseudoparaphysate taxa mainly represented by the Pleosporales in Schoch et al. (2007).

4714. Pneumocystidomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
See note 4733!

4715. Porpidiaceae Hertel & Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family should be transferred from Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed. Further, they confirmed previous results of Buschbom & Mueller (2004) that this family cannot be distinguished from Lecideaceae. Consequently, it will be placed into synonymy with Lecideaceae in the next outline.

4716. Rhizocarpaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) demonstrated that this family should be transferred from Lecanorales to Lecanoromycetidae inc. sed.

4717. Rusavskia S. Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt
See note 4735.

4718. Saccharomycetes Kudrjanzev
Suh et al. (2007) provided an overview of the classification of the class and presented a new phylogenetic analysis. Numerous changes are proposed, these are listed under the family and generic names, when based on recent publications. Further they suggested accepting the following previously described genera that were not accepted in Myconet: Kodamaea, Nakazawaea, Phaffomyces, Starmera, Starmerella, and Yamadazyma. These genera will be accepted in the next outline in Saccharomycetales inc. sed.

4719. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai
Wang et al. (2007) suggested transfering this genus from Helotiaceae to Rutstroemiaceae.

4720. Sarrameanaceae Hafellner
The relationships of Loxospora and Sarrameana were discussed by Kantvilas (2000) who noted that they are very closely related. Hence Loxosporaceae was placed into synonymy with Sarrameanaceae (Kantvilas 2000, 2004). This will be accepted in the forthcoming outline. The family will be placed in Ostropmycetidae inc. sed. following the results of the study by Miadlikowska et al. (2007).

4721. Saturnispora Liu & Kurtzman
See note 4710 under Pichiaceae.

4722. Schizosaccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
See note 4733!

4723. Scoliciosporum A. Massal.
In the study of Miadlikowska et al. (2007) this genus, as in numerous previous studies did not cluster with other Lecanoraceae. Hence the family Scoliciosporaceae will be resurrected in the next outline and accepted in Lecanorales.

4724. Sivanesaniella Gawande & Agarwal
This new genus in Venturiaceae is described by Gawande and Agarwal (2004) for a phytopathogenic fungus collected in India. The genus is similar to Apiosporina and Venturia, but differs in having hyaline, naviculate ascospores.

4725. Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Zhang et al. (2007) discussed the evolution of this class of fungi and presented a new phylogenetic analysis based on four different nuclear loci. The class is strongly supported as monophyletic with three monophyletic subclasses: Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae, and Lulworthiales that cannot be placed in either of the sublclasses. In a parallel study employing a somewhat different taxon and gene sampling, Tang et al. (2007) came to very similar results.

4726. Squamarina Poelt
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) showed that this genus should be transferred from Ramalinaceae to Stereocaulaceae.

4727. Starmera Y. Yamada, Higashi, S. Ando & Mikata
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4728. Starmerella Rosa & Lachance
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4729. Stephanoascus M.T. Sm., Van der Walt & Johannsen
The genus was shown to be polyphyletic by Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) with the type species clustering in Trichomonascus. Consequently, Stephanoascus is placed into synonymy with that genus.

4730. Strangospora Körb.
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence that this genus should be transferred from Lecanoromycetes inc. sed. to Lecanorales inc. sed.

4731. Sugiyamaella Kurtzman & Robnett
The genus was described by Kurtzman & Robnett (2007) for a monophyletic clade of yeasts that are sister to the genus Wickerhamiella. It will be accepted in the next outline in Trichomonascaceae.

4732. Swampomyces Kohlm. & Volkm.
See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae.

4733. Taphrinomycotina O.E. Erikss. & Winka
Sugiyama et al. (2007) discussed the relationships of this subphylum and presented a new phylogenetic analysis using nuclear rDNA, beta-tubulin and RPB2 sequence data including eleven ingroup taxa. Taphrinomycetes is sister to a clade including Neolectomycetes, Pneumocystidomycetes and Schizosaccharomycetes. However, this relationship lacks support. In a five-gene analysis of Spatafora et al. (2007) Taphrinomycetes is sister to a clade including Pneumocystidomycetes and Schizosaccharomycetes, which is sister to Neolectomycetes. In a six-gene study by James et al. (2006), the subphylum is strongly supported as monophyletic. Consequently, Taphrinomycotina will be again accepted in the outline, including four classes.

4734. Taphrinomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka
The class is monophyletic with a strongly supported Taphrinales (including Taphrina and Protomyces), while the basal position of Saitoella lacks support. Consequently, the latter genus will remain as Taphrinomycetes inc. sed. in the next outline (see also note 4733).

4735. Teloschistaceae Zahlbr.
Kondratyuk and Kärnefelt (2003) described three new genera: Oxneria, Rusavskia, and Xanthoanaptychia in this family. The differentiating characters of these newly described genera include mainly thallus characters. For the time being we suggest not to accept these new genera since phylogenetic relationships within the family need further resolution before new genera can be circumscribed.
Further, there are nomenclatural problems with the generic name Oxneria as discussed by Lindblom (2006) and the distinction from Xanthomendoza is unclear. The circumscription of Rusavskia is uncertain and Xanthoanaptychia is a superfluous name for Seirophora (Søchting, pers. comm.).

4736. Tephromela M. Choisy
Miadlikowska et al. (2007) provided evidence that this genus should be transferred from Ramalinaceae to Mycoblastaceae.

4737. Testudinaceae Arx
In the study by Schoch et al. (2007) the family was shown to belong to Pleosporales.

4738. Torpedospora Meyers
See note 4662 under Hypocreomycetidae.

4739. Trichomonascus H.S. Jackson
See note 4740 under Trichomonascaceae.

4740. Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & Robnett
This new family is described (Kurtzman & Robnett 2007) to accommodate the genera Sugiyamaella, Trichomonascus, Wickerhamiella, and Zygoascus.

4741. Tubeufiaceae M.E. Barr
In the study by Schoch et al. (2007) the family had an uncertain position in Dothideomycetes.

4742. Tuckermannopsis Gyeln.
Teuvo Ahti (Helsinki, in litt.): Since Linnaeus the scientific names commemorating persons with the surname ending –man are frequently latinized with –nn-, e.g., Tuckermannia, Tuckermannopsis, Sparrmannia, Burmannia. The are not to be treated as spelling errors correctable under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Art. 60.7. Ex. 15. Thus the name of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis Gyeln. is to be retained and should not be changed to Tuckermanopsis, as suggested by some recent authors. However, the latter spelling would be acceptable if it were proposed by the author Gyelnik. Similarly, Triophthalmidium sect. Tuckermania is correct. The spelling of the name of the lichen genus Tuckermannopsis Gyeln. (Gyelnik 1933: 6) was corrected by Santesson et al. (2004: 337) to read “Tuckermanopsis”, and many authors have followed their action. An obvious reason for the change was that the name was supposedly (not stated in the protologue!) intended to honour the well-known American lichenologist and botanist Edward Tuckerman (1817-1886), who always spelled his named Tuckerman, not Tuckermann.
However, I think that the spelling Tuckermannopsis must be retained, because the change is not allowed by the Art. 60.7 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2006: 60). The use of -nn- is to be regarded as an intentional latinization, because many authors, including Linnaeus, have used double n in a similar way when coining new generic or other epithets from other persons’ names. A search from the ING (Index Nominum Genericorum; Farr et al. 1979) brought many such cases, e.g., Burmannia(ceae) (from Burman), Sparrmannia (from Sparrman), and Chapmannia (from Chapman). They also include two vascular plant genera, Tuckermannia and Tuckermania, which are both acceptable spellings, but are to be treated as homonyms, however (correctly treated in ING). It is probably due to the easier pronunciation (in some languages) that the extra n was added by some authors into the latinized forms. As to other lichen names, Gyelnik (1933: 6) also published Tuckermannopsis sect. Eutuckermannopsis Gyeln. (nom. inval. and illeg.) and sect. Pseudotuckermannopsis Gyeln., and further (Gyelnik 1933: 8) Triophthalmidium sect. Tuckermannia Gyeln. In these cases the spellings with double n’s are to be maintained as well.

4743. Vittatispora P. Chaudhary, J. Campb., D. Hawksw. & K.N. Sastry
Morphological and molecular data are presented by Chaudhary et al. (2007) to show that a fungus isolated from soil in India represents a new genus in Ceratostomataceae. Its morphology is somewhat intermediate between Melanospora and Sphaerodes. In the molecular phylogeny Vittatispora is basal to these two genera.

4744. Wickerhamiella Soneda
See note 4740 under Trichomonascaceae.

4745. Xanthoanaptychia S. Kondratyuk & Kärnefelt
See note 4735.

4746. Xyleborus R.C. Harris & Ladd
This is another crustose genus in the family Stereocaulaceae (Harris & Ladd 2007). It occurs on weathered lignum in eastern North America. It is similar to Hertelidea, but differs in exciple structure.

4747. Xylotumulus J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & Hemmes
Rogers et al. (2006) described this new genus in Xylariaceae for a single species occurring on wood in Hawaii. It differs from the similar Amphirosellinia in having a non-amyloid ring in the ascus apex, a variable number of ascospores per ascus and sporodichial conidiomata.

4748. Yamadazyma Billon-Grand
See note 4718 under Saccharomycetes.

4749. Zygoascus M. Th. Smith
See note 4740 under Trichomonascaceae.

4750. Zygozyma Van der Walt & Arx
See note 4677.

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2006-12-20

4568. Aciculopsora Aptroot & Trest
This new genus is described for a single new lichenized species collected twice in lowland dry forests of NW Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 2006). It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on ascus-type. Similar genera include Bacidiopsora Kalb and Squamacidia Brako. The latter is said to differ by thallus morphology and unexplained details of apothecia, while the former differs in morphology, apothecial pigmentation, ascospore morphology and thallus chemistry. The genus will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in Ramalinaceae, but additional studies – including molecular data – appear necessary to elucidate the placement of the genus.

4569. Almbornia Essl.
See note under Xanthoparmelia (4615).

4570. Arthroascus Arx
Naumov et al. (2006) described two new taxa in this yeast genus using molecular data to support their decision. The genus was previously included in Saccharomycopsis in the outline, but previously Naumov et al. (2003) provided evidence from a phylogenetic analysis inferred from nu LSU rDNA sequences that Arthroascus is a distinct lineage. Hence the genus will be accepted within Saccharomycopsidaceae in the next outline.

4571. Aspicilia A. Massal.
See note under Megasporaceae (4591).

4572. Ayria Fryar & K.D. Hyde
This new genus is described for a single species collected on submerged rotting wood that is most similar to Pseudoproboscispora Punith., but differs in having asci lacking an apical ring and non-septate, biseriate ascospores (Fryar & Hyde 2004). It will be acccepted in the next outline in Annulatascaceae.

4573. Cepsiclava J. Walker
Walker (2004) described this new genus in Clavicipitaceae for an endophyte occurring in southeastern Australia. It is unique in the family in invading stamens before ovaries.

4574. Cetradonia J.-C. Wei & Ahti
Zhou et al. (2006) demonstrated that this monotypic genus belongs to Cladoniaceae where it was sister to Gymnoderma, the genus in which the single species was formerly placed. The status of this genus needs to be re-assesed with special emphasis on the distinction to Gymnoderma.

4575. Cetradoniaceae J.-C. Wei & Ahti
The family was shown to be nested within Cladoniaceae in a phylogenetic study by Zhou et al. (2006). Consequently, it will be reduced to synonymy with the latter family in the next outline.

4576. Cladoniaceae Zenker
See note under Cetradoniaceae (4575).

4577. Coccotremataceae Henssen ex J.C. David & D. Hawksw.
In a phylogenetic study employing nu LSU and mt SSU rDNA sequence data, Schmitt et al. (2006) showed that Coccotremataceae are closely related to Pertusariaceae s.str. Although this relationship is not strongly supported, Pertusariales is strongly supported and hence the family will be placed in Pertusariales in the next issue of the outline.

4578. Cuspidatispora A. Mill., Shearer, Bartolata & Huhndorf
Miller et al. (2006) described a new genus and species in Sordariales based on data from beta tubulin and LSU genes. It has apiosporous ascospores with a pronounced apical wall extension and villose ascomata with a central melanized wall layer and an areolate outer wall layer. While apiosporous ascospores are routinely found within the order, the apical wall extension is a unique character in the group. The family designation of Cuspidatispora is unresolved and thus it is placed in Sordariales inc. sed.

4579. Cyttariales Luttr. ex Gamundi
See note under Leotiomycetes (4586).

4580. Erysiphales Gwynne-Vaughan
See note under Leotiomycetes (4586).

4581. Funiliomyces Aptroot
This new genus was described by Aptroot (2004). In a phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences, the new genus was sister to a clade including Arecophila K.D. Hyde and a Rosellinia spp. The genus will be accepted in Amphisphaeriaceae in the next outline.

4582. Geoglossaceae Corda
Geoglossaceae together with Sarcoleotia formed a strongly supported clade outside Leotiomycetes in an analysis by Wang et al. (2006). The authors proposed ad interim a separate class Geoglossomycetes to accommodate these fungi. This clade of helotialean terrestrial fungi is characterized by paraphyses with dark pigments and dark ascospores. The family will be removed from Leotiomycetes and placed incertae sedis in the next outline. It remains to be seen in a study including a wider taxon sampling of other classes whether the group needs recognition as a separate class.

4583. Geopyxis (Pers.) Sacc.
Zhuang & Liu (2006) emended the generic concept of Geopyxis to accommodate species with ornamented and guttulate ascospores and presented morphological and nuSSU rDNA sequence data to support their emendation.

4584. Graphidaceae Dumort.
A combined data set of mt SSU and nu LSU rDNA data was used by Staiger et al. (2006) to evaluate the revised generic concept in the family proposed by Staiger (2002). They confirm that the family is paraphyletic and suggest including Thelotremataceae as a synonym. Given the restricted number of taxa studied so far and the poor backbone support of the phylogenetic tree presented, we prefer to postpone formal changes in the classification of the two families until a study including a wider taxon sampling has been made. Some revised generic circumscriptions, such as that of Glyphis, Phaeographis and Platygramme are supported, while other genera, such as Graphis and Hemithecium are shown to be non-monophyletic.

4585. Helotiales Nannf.
In a phylogenetic analysis employing nu rDNA sequence data, Wang et al. (2006) found nine distinct clades within the order, which may form the basis for a future family classification within this order. The morphology of the clades is discussed and some of the clades correspond to currently recognized families, but in most the data suggest that the circumscriptions of these needs revision.

4586. Leotiomycetes Eriksson & Winka
The monophyly of a core group of helotialean fungi, including Cyttariales, Erysiphales, Helotiales, Rhytismatales, and Myxotrichaceae is supported in a phylogenetic study by Wang et al. (2006). However, the sole member of Lichinomycetes (Peltula umbilicata) included in the study was nested within Leotiomycetes, which was interpreted as long-branch attraction. Geoglossaceae fell outside Leotiomycetes, see note under Geoglossaceae 4582).

4587. Leptosphaerulina D. McAlpine
See note under Pleosporaceae (4598).

4588. Lobothallia (Clauzade & Cl. Roux) Hafellner
See note under Megasporaceae (4591).

4589. Lueckingia Aptroot & Umana
Lueckingia is described for a single new lichenized species from a single locality in a lowland forest in Costa Rica (Aptroot et al. 2006). It is placed in Ramalinaceae based on ascus-type. It differs from Physcidia Tuck. in having polysporous asci and other characters and Piccolia A. Massal. by thallus morphology, ascus-type and secondary chemistry. The genus will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in Ramalinaceae, but additional studies – including molecular data – appear necessary for a proper placement of the genus.

4590. Macroventuria Aa
See note under Pleosporaceae (4598).

4591. Megasporaceae Lumbsch, Feige & K. Schmitz
Schmitt et al. (2006), using a combined nu LSU and mt SSU rDNA data set, confirmed placement of the family in Pertusariales and showed that the genera Aspicilia and Lobothallia, currently placed in Hymeneliaceae, also belong to this family. In the next outline these two genera will be included in Megasporaceae.

4592. Muhria P.M. Jørg.
In a phylogenetic study employing ITS and beta-tubulin sequences of 49 ingroup taxa, Högnabba (2006) supported the nesting of Muhria in Stereocaulon Hoffm. and formerly synonymized Muhria with Sterecaulon, which will be followed in the next outline.

4593. Myxotrichaceae Currah
See note under Leotiomycetes (4586).

4594. Namakwa Hale
See note under Xanthoparmelia (4615).

4595. Ochrolechiaceae R.C. Harris ex Lumbsch & I. Schmitt
In a combined nu LSU and mt SSU rDNA sequence analysis Schmitt et al. (2006) showed that Ochrolechia and the “Variolaria” and “Varicellaria” groups of Pertusaria do not belong to Pertusariaceae and hence the previously proposed family Ochrolechiaceae is resurrected and validly described. In the next outline Ochrolechiaceae will be accepted as a family within Pertusariales.

4596. Okeanomyces K.L. Pang & E.B.G. Jones
This genus was described for Halosphaeria cucullata, which was shown by Pang et al. (2004) not to be congeneric with the type species of Halosphaeria. It will be accepted in Halosphaeriaceae in the next outline.

4597. Pertusariaceae Körb. ex Körb.
Schmitt et al. (2006) showed that the family in the current circumscription is heterogeneous and restricted the family to Loxosporopsis Brodo, Henssen & Imshaug and Pertusaria DC. s. str., which will be followed in the next outline.

4598. Pleosporaceae Nitschke
Kodsueb et al. (2006) examined the phylogenetic relationships of the Pleosporaceae using nu LSU sequence data. They identified five clades containing fungi that are currently classified in the family (A1, A2, B, D, G). The relationships among these clades have no support and two of the clades containing Pleospora, Pyrenophora, Cochliobolus and Setosphaeria have little support except at the terminal branches. The clade containing Leptosphaerulina and Macroventuria has strong bootstrap and Bayesian support as does the Wettsteinina clade that also includes Pleomassaria siparia. Another clade with strong support is Kirschsteiniothelia elaterascus with Massarina ramunculicola. The polyphyletic nature of Kirschsteiniothelia and its removal from the Pleosporaceae based on the type species, K. aethiops, has already been discussed elsewhere (see Note 4397). Wettsteinina is separate from the clades containing Pleospora species and should probably be removed from the Pleosporaceae. It will be listed among Dothideomycetes inc. sed. until more sequence data are available. The family placement for Leptosphaerulina and Macroventuria is also unclear. They appear separate from the other Pleosporaceae but the backbone support of the phylogenetic tree is poor. They will be listed among Dothideomycetes inc. sed. until more sequence data are available.

4599. Porinella R. Sant.
This new name was described in Vezda (2004b) for Porinula Vezda, which is a younger homonym of Porinula (Nyl. ex Hue) Flagey. However, Porinula Vezda was included in Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia by Serusiaux and Lücking (2003), which is followed here. In the next outline Porinella and Porinula Vezda will be treated as synonyms of Caprettia, which is placed in Monoblastiaceae following Serusiaux and Lücking (2003).

4600. Porinula Vezda
See note under Porinella (4599).

4601. Pseudolignincola Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones
This genus is described for a new species isolated from plant substratum in Thai mangroves. It is characterized by having clavate asci with truncate, thickened apices, a pore and plasmalemma retraction and cylindrical ascospores without appendages. The genus is morphologically similar to Lignincola but differs in the size of ascomata, asci and ascospores, and septation of the latter. In a phylogenetic analysis of partial nu SSU rDNA sequences, the two genera were not closely related. Pseudolignincola will be accepted in Halosphaeriaceae in the next outline.

4602. Rhytismatales M.E. Barr ex Minter
See note under Leotiomycetes (4586).

4603. Saccharata Denman & Crous
This genus in Botryosphaeriaceae was described for an ascomycete occurring on Proteaceae (Crous et al. 2004). The genus differs from Botryosphaeria s.str. by having unilocular ascomata that develop under a clypeus. It formed an isolated clade in a phylogenetic analysis of the family (Crous et al. 2006).

4604. Santessonia Hale & Vobis
The circumscription of this genus is modified by Follmann (2006) to include Pacific-Andean species previously classified in Roccella DC. (Arthoniaceae). The morphological similarities of these unrelated genera is interpreted as adaptation to similar ecological niches that are occupied by these lichens.

4605. Sarcoleotia Ito & S. Imai
In a molecular phylogeny by Wang et al. (2006) this genus clustered with Geoglossaceae with strong support and hence the genus will be transferred from Helotiaceae to Geoglossaceae in the next outline.

4606. Septotrapelia Aptroot & Chaves
Septotrapelia is described for two species (Aptroot et al. 2006) and is placed in Pilocarpaceae based on the ascus-type. Within the family the genus is unique by having a squamulose thallus and 3-septate ascospores. The genus will be accepted in the forthcoming outline in Pilocarpaceae, additional studies are necessary to show which genus is the closest relative.

4607. Servitia M.S. Christ. & Alstrup
This genus was described for a peltate Arctic lichen that is morphologically similar to Placopyrenium Breuss (Alstrup & Hansen 2001). It is placed in Verrucariaceae.

4608. Spathaspora Nguyen, S.O. Suh & M. Blackw.
This new genus was described by Nguyen et al. (2006) for a yeast isolated from a wood-boring beetle.

4609. Sungaiicola Fryar & K.D. Hyde
Fryar and Hyde (2004) described this monotypic genus for an ascomycete from submerged wood. Morphological characters are inconclusive and until molecular data become available this genus will be treated in Sordariomycetes inc. sed.

4610. Thalespora Chatmala & E.B.G. Jones
This new monotypic genus includes a fungus that occurs on plant substratum in Thai mangroves. It has deliquescing asci and elongate-cylindrical ascospores with an appendage. The genus will be accepted in Halosphaeriaceae in the next outline.

4611. Tribulatia J.E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones
This new monotypic genus was described for a tropical ascomycete growing on ferns (Taylor & Hyde 2003). It will be accepted in Phyllachoraceae in the next outline.

4612. Uluguria Vezda
This new monotypic genus was introduced by Vezda (2004) for a foliicolous lichen formerly placed in Bacidia. However, according to Lücking (in press) the species belongs to Szczawinskia A. Funk and consequently, the genus is regarded as a synonym of Szczawinskia A. Funk in the next outline.

4613. Wettsteinina Höhn.
See note under Pleosporaceae (4598).

4614. Xanthomaculina Hale
See note under Xanthoparmelia (4615).

4615. Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale
Thell et al. (2006) used ITS sequences to study the phylogeny of Xanthoparmelia and related genera. The segregate genera Almbornia Essl., Namakwa Hale, and Xanthomaculina Hale nested within Xanthoparmelia. Hence these three genera were reduced to synonymy with Xanthoparmelia, which will be followed in the next outline.

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