Introduction
Bamboo culms, twigs and leaves are colonized by a large number of parasitic and saprophytic ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Most of the ascomycetes are pyrenomycetes, in a wide sense, but there are also numerous coelomycetes and hyphomycetes, most of which are probably anamorphs of pyrenomycetes. Comparatively few species of discomycetes and basidiomycetes have been found on bamboos.

The most intensively studied areas are Japan (c. 28 % of the type collections of the pyrenomycetes), South America (c. 20 %), the Philippines (c. 14 %), and Indonesia (c. 9 %). There are about 20-25 species described from each of China, India, Central America, and the United States, but very few from Africa and other tropical and subtropical parts of the world not mentioned above. A large number of species remain to be described, as indicated by the fact that there are hundreds of bamboo species that no fungus has as yet been described from, for instance, not from any of the species in the five bamboo genera endemic to Madagascar.

This list contains only the pyrenomycetes described from bamboos, but there are rather many other species on bamboos which were originally described from other substrates and these species are not included here.