Phylogenetic Mycology Group (PMG), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science,
Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.

Abstract

Eriksson O.E. (ed.) 1999. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 2756-2939. - Myconet 4: 1-20.

The present paper presents 183 notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) at the generic and higher levels.

Introduction

The series ”Notes on ascomycete systematics” was published in Systema Ascomycetum during many years (Eriksson & Hawksworth1986-1998) and was then continued on the Internet (http://www.umu.se/myconet/notes.shtml) and as hard copies in Myconet (Eriksson 1999). An alphabetic list of these notes is available on the Internet (http://www.umu.se/myconet/all.html). Hard copies with new Notes will be published in Myconet twice a year (January and August).

The author(s) of each entry is (are) indicated by acronym(s) within parentheses at the end of the entry. The date of electronic publication is also given there. For a list of acronyms, see URL http://www.umu.se/myconet/auth.html.

A numeric list of the new Notes is provided at the end of this paper.

Notes

2757. Albonectria Rossman & Samuels
Rossman et al. (1999: 105): described the new genus Albonectria in the Nectriaceae. The type species, A. rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Rossman & Samuels, and two other species were treated. - (E:1999-07-06).

2758. Allonectella Petr.
Rossman et al. (1999: 109): accepted Allonectella in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2759. Amphinectria Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 172): an ambiguous member of the Tubeufiaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2879. Amphisphaerella (Sacc.) Kirschst.
Kang et al. (1999: 142) placed this genus among Ascomycetes incertae sedis, because of ”its brown unicellular ascospores with equatorial germ pores and the lack of J+ ascal ring (Hyde, 1991)”. However, Eriksson (1966: 321) demonstrated that whereas A. dispersella (Nyl.) O.E. Erikss. and A. vaga (Niessl) O.E. Erikss. have non-amyloid asci, there is a low but distinct amyloid ring in A. xylostei (Pers.) Munk. The genus should continue to be placed among the Amphisphaeriaceae. - (E:1999-07-12).

2878. Amphisphaeriaceae G. Winter
Kang et al. (1999: 142) argued for the exclusion of many of the genera now included in this family. The family is certainly heterogenous, but we need relevant molecular information (e.g., SSU rDNA and/or LSU rDNA data) before we can propose a more reliable classification of the genera. Five of the genera treated by the authors (Amphisphaerella, Chitonospora, Dyrithium, Melomastia, Muelleromyces) are discussed in separate Notes. - (E:1999-07-12).

2885. Annulatascus K.D. Hyde
Wong et al. (1999: 561) provided a detailed LM, SEM and TEM description of the type species (A. velatisporus K.D. Hyde 1992) and a new species. - (E:1999-07-29).

2918. Anthracocarpon Breuss
Breuss (1996: 40) described this new genus to accommodate the single species A. virescens (Zahlbr.) Breuss (syn. Dermatocarpon virescens Zahlbr.). See Note 2919. - (E:1999-10-14).

2760. Aphysiostroma Barrasa, A.T. Martínez & G. Moreno
Rossman et al. (1999: 81): accepted Aphysiostroma in the Hypocreaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2761. Ascolanthanus Cailleux
Rossman et al. (1999: 172): a synonym of Copranophilus in the Pyxidiophoraceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2905. Ascomauritiana V.M. Ranghoo & K.D. Hyde
Ranghoo & Hyde (1999: 938) described the new genus and species Ascomauritiana lignicola V.M. Ranghoo & K.D. Hyde (Ascomycota incertae sedis), discovered on submerged wood in Mauritius. The ascospores were 5-septate, brown and provided with a germ pore at each end. The asci were interpreted as unitunicate. - (E:1999-09-10).

2896. Ascotricha Sacc.
Lee & Hanlin (1999: 434) confirmed the close relationships between Ascotricha and the Xylariaceae in a study of SSU rDNA sequences. - (E:1999-09-03).

2925. Austropeltum Henssen, Döring & Kantvilas
Wedin & Döring (1999: 1131) reported that the genera Austropeltum Henssen, Döring & Kantvilas and Neophyllis F. Wilson are more closely related to the Sphaerophoraceae than to the Cladoniaceae and Stereocaulaceae on the basis of SSU rDNA sequences. However, the exact positions could not be assessed, as sequences from more lecanoralean taxa are required. - (E:1999-10-18).

2762. Balzania Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 172): accepted in the Thyridiaceae (which was included in Xylariales, as done by Barr 1990: 136). - (E:1999-07-06).

2763. Battarrina (Sacc.) Clem.
Rossman et al. (1999: 18): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2764. Berkellella (Sacc.) Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 174): correct name for Byssostilbe Petch (q.v.) in the Clavicipitaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2765. Bionectria Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 18): type of the new family Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2766. Bionectriaceae Samuels & Rossman
Samuels & Rossman (in Rossman et al. 1999: 15): described this new family in Hypocreales. They accepted 26 genera. The ascomata are ?white, pale yellow to orange or brown, not reacting in KOH or lactic acid; ascomata superficial on the substratum or stroma, or immersed in a hyphal to well-developed stroma? (op.cit.: 14). - (E:1999-07-06).

2767. Borinquenia F. Stevens
Rossman et al. (1999: 174): could not define the genus, as no ascomata remained in the type material, but it was possibly proposed for a member of the Tubeufiaceae. Should be listed among Excluded genera. - (E:1999-07-06).

2768. Bryonectria Döbbeler
Rossman et al. (1999: 21): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2928. Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Wedin et al. (1999: 1185) confirmed that Bryoria should be classified in the Parmeliaceae, based on phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences. - (E:1999-10-18).

2769. Byssostilbe Petch
Rossman et al. (1999: 175): synonym of Berkelella (q.v.). - (E:1999-07-06).

2770. Calonectria De Not.
Rossman et al. (1999: 110): referred Calonectria to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2771. Calostilbe Sacc. & Syd.
Rossman et al. (1999: 111): accepted Calostilbe in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2897. Capronia Sacc.
Au et al. (1999: 326) studied the ultrastructure of Capronia ciliomaris under the TEM and confirmed earlier studies using LM, e.g. of the hamathecium of periphysoids. - (E:1999-09-03).

2898. Carpoligna F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf
Fernández et al. (1999: 253) described the new genus and species Carpoligna pleurothecii F.A. Fernández & Huhndorf, which resembled Chaetosphaeria, but had a different anamorph, Pleurothecium recurvatum (Morgan) Höhn. - (E:1999-09-03).

2919. Catapyrenium Flot.
Breuss (1996: 37) limited this genus to a group of six species. The other species in the genus were distributed on four new genera: Involucropyrenium, Anthracocarpon, Heteroplacidum, and Clavascidium (q.v.v.). A key to all species in these genera was provided. The genera differed mainly in the structure of the squamules, shape of the asci, size of the photobiont cells, type of pycnidia, and shape of pycnoconidia. - (E:1999-10-14).

2906. Cataractispora K.D. Hyde, S.W. Wong & E.B.G. Jones
Hyde et al. (1999: 1019) described the new genus and species Cataractispora aquatica K.D. Hyde, S.W. Wong & E.B.G. Jones (Annulatascaceae). A second species was accepted, C. bipolaris (K.D. Hyde) K.D. Hyde, S.W. Wong & E.B.G. Jones (bas. Annulatascus b.), on the basis of similar fibrillar terminal ascospore appendages. - (E:1999-09-10).

2915. Cesatiella Sacc.
Kohlmeyer et al. (1996: 296) reported that the genus Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. was clearly different from Cesatiella Sacc., that Amy Rossman (pers. comm.) described to have ”lateral ostioles, hyaline, clypeate ascomata, an amyloid ring in the ascus, and grows on wood in terrestrial environment”. That genus is currently classified in the Hypocreaceae, but should be referred to the Hyponectriaceae (Rossman et al. 1999: 178). - (E:1999-10-13).

2899. Chaetomium Kunze
Lee & Hanlin (1999: 434) sequenced the 5´ portion of SSU rDNA from 15 ascomycetes and aligned them with 15 already published sequences. The five Chaetomium species included in the study grouped with 84% bootstrap support with two Achaetomium species, but the relationships between these taxa were unresolved, except for the 100% support for an Achaetomium clade. A clade corresponding to Sordariales (incl. Chaetomiaceae) received 100% bootstrap support. - (E:1999-09-03).

2880. Chitonospora E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc.
Kang et al. (1999: 142) redescribed the type species of this genus, C. ammophila E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc. and used material of Ammophila (”Psamma”) arenaria from Belgium. They stated that the genus resembles amphisphaeriaceous taxa, but ”differs in having clavate asci which lack a J+, ascal ring”. Eriksson (1966: 320) examined material of the species on the same host species from France and found that the asci have an amyloid ring. The collection from Belgium may represent another species, or the mounts from this collection need to be pretreated with KOH to give a positive amyloid reaction, as reported by Eriksson (1966: 315) for some collections of Nemania (Hypoxylon) serpens (Pers.) S.F. Gray. A weak or old Lugol´s solution may give a negative result. Until further details about the Belgian material are available, Chitonospora should be classified close to Cainia in the Amphisphaeriaceae. - (E:1999-07-12).

2772. Chrysogluten Briosi & Farneti
Rossman et al. (1999: 183): synonym of Cosmospora in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2773. Circinoniesslia Samuels & M.E. Barr
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2166) and Rossman et al. (1999: 183): accepted genus in the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2920. Clavascidium Breuss
Breuss (1996: 41) described this new genus and accepted four species. See Note 2919. - (E:1999-10-14).

2774. Clibanites P. Karst.
Rossman et al. (1999: 21): accepted genus in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2777. Cosmospora Rabenh.
Rossman et al. (1999: 115): accepted in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2886. Comminutispora Ramaley
De Hoog et al. (1999: 34): Hyphospora agavaciensis Ramaley (teleomorph Comminutispora agavaciensis Ramaley) clustered within Dothideales in analyses of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 sequences, but its exact position is unclear. The relationships between Phaeotheca Sigler, Tsuned & J.W. Carmich. and Hyphospora Ramaley were discussed by Zalar et al. (1999b: 49). - (E:1999-07-29).

2900. Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Cooke
Lee & Hanlin (1999: 434) got 100% SSU rDNA bootstrap support for a Coniochaeta clade within Sordariales. - (E:1999-09-03).

2937. Coonemeria Mouch.
Mouchacca (1997: 28) described the new genus Coonemeria Mouch., that accommodated the type species C. crustacea (Apinis & Chesters) Mouch. and two other thermophilic species in the Trichocomaceae (Eurotiales). The teleomorphs resembled those in Dactylomyces (with Polypaecium type anamorph) and Thermoascus (lacking anamorph), but differed in the Paeciliomyces type anamorphs. - (E:1999-11-19).

2775. Corallomyces Berk. & M.A. Curtis
Rossman et al. (1999: 184): synonym of the genus Corallomycetella in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2776. Corallomycetella Henn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 113): accepted in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2912. Crassochaeta Réblová
Réblová (1999d: 46) erected the new genus Crassochaeta Réblová (Trichosphaeriaceae). Two species were accepted, C. nigrita (Berk. & Broome) Réblová and C. fusispora (Sivan.) Réblová. The genus was characterized by ”the superficial, large, ovoidal to subglobose, setose perithecia; asci with a distinct refractive, J- apical annulus; persistent paraphyses and versicoloured, 3-septate ascospores”. No anamorph was found. - (E:1999-10-12).

2778. Creopus Link
Rossman et al. (1999: 185): a synonym of Hypocrea in the Hypocreaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2779. Cryptoleptosphaeria Petr.
Rossman et al. (1999: 185): allied to Cryptonectriella in the Diaporthales. - (E:1999-07-06).

2780. Cryptonectriella (Höhn.) Weese
Rossman et al. (1999: 186): accepted in the Diaporthales. - (E:1999-07-06).

2781. Cryptonectriopsis (Höhn.) Weese
Rossman et al. (1999: 188): accepted in the Diaporthales. - (E:1999-07-06).

2782. Cryptoniesslia Scheuer
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2167): accepted in the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2783. Cryptothecium Penz. & Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 188): synonym of Protocreopsis in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2784. Dasyphthora Clem.
Rossman et al. (1999: 189): synonym of Nectriopsis in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2785. Debaryella Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 189): no ascomata in the type collection; to Excluded genera. - (E:1999-07-06).

Kohlm. et al. (1996: 296) examined type material of the generic type Debaryella hyalina Höhn., but could only find ”bases of ascomata of a valsaceous fungus without any trace of D. hyalina”. Therefore, the identity of this fungus is uncertain and Debaryella should be listed among Excluded genera. - (E:1999-10-13).

2921. Dermatocarpella H. Harada
Breuss (1996: 38) treated this name as a synonym of Placidium A. Massal.in the Verrucariaceae. - (E:1999-10-14).

2786. Dialonectria (Sacc.) Cooke
Rossman et al. (1999: 189): synonym of Cosmospora in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2787. Didymocrea Kowalsky
Rossman et al. (1999: 189): asci not functionally bitunicate, but the genus appears to belong to the Pleosporales. Aptroot (1995) concluded that it was closely related to Zopfia. - (E:1999-07-06).

2788. Dimerosporiella Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 22): accepted in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2887. Discosphaerina Höhn.
De Hoog et al. (1999: 31): Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Arnaud (probable teleomorph Discosphaerina fulvida (F.R, Sanderson) Sivanesan; see Yurlova et al. 1999: 67) clustered with Dothiora, Pringsheimia, and Sydowia in analyses of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 sequences. - (E:1999-07-29).

2888. Dothideales Lindau
De Hoog et al. (1999: 31): published an analysis of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 sequences from all black yeasts and meristematic fungi in Dothideales. See Notes 2886, 2887, 2891, 2892, 2895! - (E:1999-07-29).

2789. Dubitatio Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 190): Dubitatio has been treated as congeneric with Passerinula, but ”differences in stroma and ascospores are considered significant and the two genera remain distinct”; Dubitatio was considered close to Dothivalsaria in the Massariaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2881. Dyrithium M.E. Barr
Kang et al. (1999: 142) placed this genus among "Ascomycetes incertae sedis". - (E:1999-07-12).

2790. Emericellopsis J.F.H. Beyma
Rossman et al. (1999: 24): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2791. Endocreas Samuels & Rogerson
Rossman et al. (1999: 191): synonym of Valsonectria in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2792. Epinectria Syd & P. Syd.
Rossman et al. (1999: 192): synonym of Dimerosporiella in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2793. Erispora Pat.
Rossman et al. (1999: 192): type seems to be lost; description does not seem to be of a Hypocreales: to Ascomycota inc. sed. - (E:1999-07-06).

2882. Fasciatispora K.D. Hyde
Hyde & Wong (1999: 129) examined ascospores of Fasciatispora petrakii K.D. Hyde under the TEM and SEM and found that the spores are most similar to those in the Xylariaceae and considered a placement in that family most appropriate. - (E:1999-07-12).

2794. Feracia Rolland
Rossman et al. (1999: 192): type material lost; probably not a Hypocreales: to Ascomycota inc. sed. - (E:1999-07-06).

2934. Fulgensia A. Massal. & De Not.
Westberg & Kärnefelt (1998: 515) monographed the genus Fulgensia A. Massal. & De Not. They stated that the genus is ”probably polyphyletic and the different groups are probably related to different groups within the large genus Caloplaca”. - (E:1999-11-16).

2795. Gibberella Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 131): to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2796. Gibberellulina Sousa da Camara
Rossman et al. (1999: 192): ”because of the inadequate type specimen and description lacking in details, this genus cannot be characterized”. To Excluded genera. - (E:1999-07-06).

2889. Gondwanamyces Marais & M.J. Wingf.
Viljoen et al. (1999: 497) found that Custingophora olivacea Stolk & Hennebert resembled Knoxdaviesia M.J. Wingf., P.S. van Wyk & Marasas, anamorph of Gondwanamyces, and a close relationship was indicated by a LSU rDNA analysis. - (E:1999-07-29).

2797. Haematonectria Samuels & Nirenberg
Rossman et al. (1999: 134): accepted in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2798. Halonectria E.B.G. Jones
Rossman et al. (1999: 26): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2916. Heleiosa Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.
Kohlmeyer et al. (1996: 1830) described the new genus and species Heleiosa barbatula Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. (Dothideales inc. sedis) from leaves of Juncus roemerianus. The perithecioid ascomata are immersed and clypeate. The asci have a thin cap-like, refractive apparatus directly over the ocular chamber. The hamathecium consists of branched and anastomosing physes in gel. The 1-septate, light brown ascospores have 10 or more cilia-like subapical appendages at each end of the spores. - (E:1999-10-13).

2799. Heleococcum C.A. Jørg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 26): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2890. Herpotrichiellaceae Munk
Haase et al. (1999: 80): cladistic analysis of nearly complete 18S rDNA sequences from 55 strains of Herpotrichiellaceae, including 11 strains of Capronia, and of Ceramothyrium linnaeae (Chaetothyriaceae) supported earlier studies of Chaetothyriales as a separate order from Dothideales. - (E:1999-07-29).

2922. Heteroplacidum Breuss
Breuss (1996: 40) described this new genus and accepted nine species. See Note 2919. - (E:1999-10-14).

2891. Hortaea Nishim. & Miyaji
De Hoog et al. (1999: 34): Hortaea werneckii (Horta) Nishim. & Miyaji (no teleomorph known), clustered within Dothideales in analyses of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 sequences, but its exact position is unknown. Hortaea werneckii is the etiologic agent of human black piedra. It is not keratinolytic, but lipolytic, and a commensal, probably living on the grease on human skin (for ref., see de Hoog et al., l.c.). This is a facultatively halophilic species (Zalar et al. 1999a). - (E:1999-07-29).

2800. Hydronectria Kirschst.
Rossman et al. (1999: 193): position unclear; we suggest Sordariomycetes inc. sed. - (E:1999-07-06).

2801. Hydropisphaera Dumort.
Rossman et al. (1999: 28): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2756. Hypocreales Lindau
Rossman et al. (1999: 125): performed a thorough study of all genera that have been referred to the families Hypocreaceae, Hypomycetaceae, and Nectriaceae in the Hypocreales, or that should be referred to the Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, or the new family Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2802. Hypolyssus Pers.
Rossman et al. (1999: 195): a nomen confusum. - (E:1999-07-06).

2803. Ijuhya Starbäck
Rossman et al. (1999: 33): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2923. Involucropyrenium Breuss
Breuss (1996: 37) described this new genus and included four species. See Note 2919. - (E:1999-10-14).

2901. Isthmosporella Shearer & Crane
Shearer & Crane (1999: 141) described the new genus and species Isthmosporella pulchra Shearer & Crane (Phaeosphaeriaceae), with spores resembling those of Phaeosphaeria berlesii (Larsen & Munk) Hedjaroude, but with a distinct isthmus. The new genus also differed from Phaeosphaeria in thicker ascomal wall. - (E:1999-09-03).

2917. Juncigena Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.
Kohlmeyer et al. (1997: 291) described Juncigena adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. gen. et sp. nov. (Magnaporthaceae) from leaves of Juncus roemerianus. It resembles Aquamarina speciosa Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. from the same host species, but the latter has seagreen-coloured and not brownish ascomata. The ascomata of J. adarca are immersed, ostiolate and have a periphysate neck. The asci are unitunicate and have a non-amyloid ring. The ascospores are 3-septate and hyaline. Appressoria are absent. The anamorph of J. adarca is Cirrenalia adarca Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. - (E:1999-10-13).

2804. Kallichroma Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.
Rossman et al. (1999: 36): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2805. Lanatonectria Samuels & Rossman
Samuels & Rossman (in Rossman et al. 1999: 137): described the new genus Lanatonectria in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2806. Larseniella Munk
Rossman et al. (1999: 196): synonym of Neorehmia in the Trichosphaeriaceae. - (E:1999-).

2807. Lasionectria (Sacc.) Cooke
Rossman et al. (1999: 37): resurrected Lasionectria in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2808. Lecythium Zukal
Rossman et al. (1999: 197): ”unique fungus, probably not belonging to the Hypocreales”; we suggest Sordariomycetes inc.sed. as a provisional measure. - (E:1999-07-06).

2809. Leucocrea Sacc. & Syd.
Rossman et al. (1999: 172): demonstrated to be a synonym of Balzania (q.v.). - (E:1999-07-06).

2810. Leuconectria Rossman, Samuels & Lowen
Rossman et al. (1999: 140): accepted in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2811. Lisiella (Cooke & Massee) Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 197): synonym of Gibberella in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2812. Loculistroma F. Patt & Charles
Rossman et al. (1999: 197): probably a genus of the Clavicipitaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2938. Maculatifrondes K.D. Hyde
The original spelling of this name was Maculatifrondis, but was changed into Maculatifrondes in Index of Fungi 6(15): 810 (1998). - (E:1999-11-19).

2813. Malmeomyces Starbäck
Rossman et al. (1999: 198): to the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2814. Mattirolia Berl. & Bres.
Rossman et al. (1999: 198): accepted in the Thyridiaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2935. Megalariaceae Hafellner
Kantvilas et al. (1999: 223-224) modified the circumscription of the Megalariaceae to accommodate the genera Megalaria Hafellner and Tasmidella Kantvilas, Hafellner & Elix. - (E:1999-11-16).

2815. Melanopsamma Niessl
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2167): accepted in the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2902. Melanospora Corda
Goh & Hanlin (1999: 565) studied the ultrastructure of ascosporogenesis in Melanospora zamiae Corda. - (E:1999-09-03).

2907. Meliola Fr.
Saenz & Taylor (1999: 1049): SSU rDNA sequences from two species. See Note 2908. - (E:1999-09-10).

2908. Meliolaceae G.W. Martin ex Hansf.
Saenz & Taylor (1999: 1049) found that Meliola Fr. (Meliolaceae) is most closely related to the unitunicate pyrenomycetes, i.e. Sordariomycetes. SSU rDNA sequences from two species were aligned with corresponding sequences from 37 other ascomycetes. The closest relatives in a neighbour joining tree was the Sordariales (87% bootstrap support). - (E:1999-09-10).

2909. Meliolina Syd. & P. Syd.
Saenz & Taylor (1999: 1049): SSU rDNA sequence from M. sydowiana F. Stevens. See Note 2910. - (E:1999-09-10).

2910. Meliolinaceae S. Hughes
Saenz & Taylor (1999: 1049) demonstrated that Meliolina Syd. & P. Syd., type of the family Meliolinaceae, is only distantly related to Meliola. There are several morphological differences (see their Table 4), and in a neighbour joining tree based on SSU rDNA sequences Meliolina appeared among the bitunicate ascomycetes (Dothideomycetes), but without bootstrap support, whereas Meliola nested among the unitunicate ascomycetes, Sordariomycetes. See Note 2908. - (E:1999-09-10).

2883. Melomastia Nitschke ex Sacc.
Kang et al. (1999: 142) placed this genus in the Pleurotremataceae, but a placement among genera incertae sedis seems more prudent until molecular data are available. - (E:1999-07-12).

2892. Metacapnodiaceae Hughes & Corl.
De Hoog et al. (1999: 36): Capnobotryella renispora J. Sugiyama, anamorph of a Metacapnodiaceae, clustered within Dothideales in analyses of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 sequences, but its exact position is unknown. The family was referred to the Chaetothyriales by Barr (1979). - (E:1999-07-29).

2816. Metanectria Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 200): synonym of Thelocarpon [Thelocarpaceae, Eriksson & Hawksworth 1998]. - (E:1999-07-06).

2817. Micronectria Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 201): type material not adequate, but habitat and description suggested Hyponectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2818. Micronectriosis Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 202): synonym of Linocarpon. - (E:1999-07-06).

2819. Miyakeomyces Hara
Rossman et al. (1999: 203): to the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2913. Miyoshiella Kawamura
Réblová (1999c: 24) resurrected the genus Miyoshiella Kawamura (Trichosphaeriaceae), with anamorphs in Sporidesmium Link. She accepted the type species M. fusispora Kawamura and two other species, all with 3-septate, hyaline ascospores. - (E:1999-10-12).

2884. Muelleromyces Kamat & Anahousar
Kang et al. (1999: 142) placed this genus in the Phyllachoraceae. - (E:1999-07-12).

2820. Mycoarachis Malloch & Cain
Rossman et al. (1999: 39): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2821. Mycocitrus A. Möller
Rossman et al. (1999: 39): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2893. Myelospermaceae K.D. Hyde & S.W. Wong
Hyde & Wong (1999: 349) erected the new family Myelospermaceae. The family was characterized by valsoid ascomata and a refractive apical ring in the asci. The authors considered that molecular data (5.8S rDNA and ITS sequences) did not support a relationship with Amphisphaeriaceae or Xylariaceae, and they argued that the Myelospermaceae are best accommodated in Diaporthales. However, more conserved genes are required to determine the position of the genus Myelosperma. - (E:1999-07-29).

2822. Myrmaeciella Lindau
Rossman et al. (1999: 204): ?allied with the Niessliaceae?. - (E:1999-07-06).

2823. Nectria (Fr.) Fr.
Rossman et al. (1999: 141): treated this genus as the type for a separate family, Nectriaceae (q.v.). - (E:1999-07-06).

2824. Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul.
Rossman et al. (1999: 102): accepted this family to accommodate Nectria and 19 other genera. The ascomata are ”generally red to purple, reacting in KOH and lactic acid; if ascomata white to pale yellow, then having a Fusarium anamorph (Albonectria); ascomata superficial on the substratum or stroma, rarely immersed in lichen thalli (Xenonectriella)” (op.cit.: 14). - (E:1999-07-06).

2825. Nectriella Nitschke
Rossman et al. (1999: 41): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2826. Nectriopsis Maire
Rossman et al. (1999: 51): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2932. Neoarachnotheca Ulfig, Cano & Guarro
Ulfig, Cano & Guarro (in Cano et al. 1997: 150) described the new genus and single species Neoarachnotheca keratinophila. It was characterized by ”white, spherical ascomata with a wall formed by a network of hyphae and spherical, subhyaline ascospores with an irregular sheath”. It had some resemblance to Arachnotheca and Nannizziopsis, but differed, inter alia, in a Myriodontium anamorph. - (E:1999-11-15).

2827. Neocosmospora E.F. Sm.
Rossman et al. (1999: 155): to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2828. Neohenningsia Koord.
Rossman et al. (1999: 206): synonym of Hydropisphaera in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2829. Neonectria Wollenw.
Rossman et al. (1999: 157): accepted in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2926. Neophyllis F. Wilson
Wedin & Döring (1999: 1131) demonstrated that Neophyllis F. Wilson is closely related to Austropeltum Henssen, Döring & Kantvilas (see Note 2925). These genera clustered with 100% bootstrap support with the Sphaerophoraceae and not with other podetial/pseudopodetial lichens in the Cladoniaceae and Stereocaulaceae. - (E:1999-10-18).

2830. Neorehmia Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 207): to the Trichosphaeriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2831. Neoskofitzia Schulzer
Rossman et al. (1999: 207): no type material exists; to Excluded genera. - (E:1999-07-06).

2832. Niesslia Auersw.
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2170): type genus of the monographed family Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2833. Niessliaceae Kirschst.
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2165): six genera accepted in the Niessliaceae; 14 genera accepted by Rossman et al. (1999). - (E:1999-07-06).

2834. Ochraceospora Fiore
Rossman et al. (1999: 208): no type material exists; to Excluded genera. - (E:1999-07-06).

2835. Ochronectria Rossman & Samuels
Rossman et al. (1999: 53): new genus in the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2903. Ophioceras Sacc.
Shearer et al. (1999: 145) provisionally referred Ophioceras to the Magnaporthaceae. The genus was most closely related to Pseudohalonectria Minoura & T. Muroi in a SSU rDNA cladistic analysis by Chen et al. (1999: 84), and the two genera were not close to Halosphaeriales. - (E:1999-09-03).

2836. Ophionectria Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 159): referred Ophionectria to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2911. Ophiosphaerella Speg.
Wetzel III et al. (1999: 981) studied the ITS regions in three Ophiosphaerella species (O. herpotricha, O. korrae, and O. narmari) and compared with sequences from Lewia (anam. Alternaria alternata), Leptosphaeria (L. bicolor, L. doliolum, and L. maculans) and Phaeosphaeria (P. avenaria, P. microscopica, and P. nodorum). The Ophiosphaerella cluster received 100% bootstrap support, but relationships with the other taxa were unresolved. - (E:1999-09-10).

2837. Orcadia Sutherland
Rossman et al. (1999: 208): to Pezizales inc. sed. - (E:1999-07-06).

2838. Paranectria Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 54): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2929. Parmeliaceae Zenker
Wedin et al. (1999: 1185) studied new SSU rDNA, ITS, and 5.8S rDNA sequences from 11 species in ten genera of the Parmeliaceae and compared with previously published sequences. The SSU rDNA sequences indicated that the genera form a monophyletic group within Lecanorales. Cetraria and Vulpicida formed a well-supported group within the family, but there were no other statistically supported clusters. ITS and 5.8S rDNA sequences also indicated that Cetraria and Vulpicida are closely related, but gave no further information. - (E:1999-10-18).

2839. Passerinula Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 208): ”should be placed in the Pyrenulaceae or Massarinaceae”; we suggest Dothideomycetes inc. sed. - (E:1999-07-06).

2840. Peethambara Subram. & D.J. Bhat
Rossman et al. (1999: 55): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2841. Peloronectria A. Möller
Rossman et al. (1999: 209): type not located at B or HBG, but the type species was assumed to be fungicolous on the stroma of a bamboo fungus. - (E:1999-07-06).

2933. Pentagenella Darb.
Follmann (in Follmann et al. 1998: 245) transferred Pentagenella fragillima Darb. and Roccellodea nigerrima Darb. to Roccella and treated Pentagenella as Roccella sect. Pentagenella (Darb.) Follmann. - (E:1999-11-15).

2930. Petriella Curzi
Issakainen et al. (1999: 1179) found that Petriella and putative anamorphs in Scedosporium Sacc. ex Castell. & Chalm. formed a monophyletic group (98.6% bootstrap support), that was sister group to Pseudallesheria Negr. & I. Fisch., in phylogenetic analyses of LSU rDNA sequences. - (E:1999-10-18).

2904. Phillipsia Berk.
Hansen et al. (1999: 299) studied ITS from Phillipsia species and found four different lineages, supported by ascospore ornamentation. - (E:1999-09-03).

2924. Placidium A. Massal.
Breuss (1996: 38) resurrected this genus as distinct from Catapyrenium and included 28 species. See Note 2919. - (E:1999-10-14).

2842. Plectosphaerella Kleb.
Rossman et al. (1999: 211): neotype for P. cucumerina (Lindf.) W. Gams selected. - (E:1999-07-06).

2843. Pleogibberella Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 161): to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2894. Pleosporaceae Nitschke
Vasilyeva (1999) published a book on ”Systematics in Mycology” that was primarily devoted to theoretical issues and principles in systematics that she advocates. However, she discussed several specific cases that should be considered in updates of current classifications. One such taxon is the family Pleosporaceae. Vasilyeva accepted only two genera in the family (p. 81): Pleospora and Pseudoyuconia. She was very doubtful about molecular characters and ”phylogenetic systematics”, but in this very case the SSU rDNA sequences are very informative. Bootstrap analyses of cladograms always give a 100% support for a clade comprising Pleospora, Pyrenophora, Setosphaeria and some other genera. Their SSU rDNA sequences are very similar and contain a number of signature nucleotides. Some of these are the results of (probably) independent mutations, some are mutation compensations in helices. In order to determine if that is the case, a careful alignment should be performed, with each helix, end loop and bulge identified and separated by a full stop in the RNA matrix (here designated as a HEB alignment). It takes a little more time, but it often makes alignment easier to perform and also to detect errors in the sequences. This type of alignment is particularly important in analyses of ITS sequences and should be combined with constructions of secondary structure models of the sequences. - (E:1999-07-29).

2844. Porphyrosoma Pat.
Rossman et al. (1999: 212): no type material left; the genus can not be characterized. - (E:1999-07-06).

2845. Pronectria Clem.
Rossman et al. (1999: 56): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2846. Protocrea Petch
Rossman et al. (1999: 92): accepted in the Hypocreaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2847. Protocreopsis Doi
Rossman et al. (1999: 63): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2848. Pseudonectria Seaver
Rossman et al. (1999: 161): to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2849. Pseudonectriella Petr.
Samuels & Barr (1998) and Rossman et al. (1999: 214): to the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2850. Pseudorhynchia Höhn.
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2170): accepted in the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2851. Pseudosolidum Lloyd
Rossman et al. (1999: 215): correct name for Ascoporia (Ascoporiaceae). Type species is P. solidum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Lloyd (syn. Ascoporia lateritia Samuels & Romero). - (E:1999-07-06).

2852. Rhynchonectria Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 215): no type material available; can be listed among Excluded genera. - (E:1999-07-06).

2927. Rivilata Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss.
Kohlmeyer et al. (1998: 470) described the new genus and species Rivilata ius Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & O.E. Erikss. (Saccardiaceae) from leaves of Juncus roemerianus. The ascomata are subcuticular as in other members of the Saccardiaceae and they finally become free, but the internal parts are more similar to those in the Schizothyriaceae. - (E:1999-10-18).

2853. Roumegueriella Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 69): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2854. Rubrinectria Rossman & Samuels
Rossman & Samuels (in Rossman et al. 1999: 164): described this new genus in the Nectriaceae. Single species: R. olivacea (Seaver) Rossman & Samuels. - (E:1999-07-06).

2939. Saccharomycetales Kudrjanzev
Kurtzman & Robnett (1998: 331) performed phylogenetic analyses of the D1/D2 region of LSU rDNA sequences from approximately 500 species of ascomycetous yeasts. The analyses were informative at the species level, but the authors did not propose any redefinition of genera or higher taxa. They stated, however, that many present genera are not monophyletic and that additional genes must be examined. - (E:1999-11-19).

2855. Sarawakus Lloyd
Rossman et al. (1999: 98): accepted in the Hypocreaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2856. Selinia P. Karst.
Rossman et al. (1999: 70): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2857. Spegazzinula Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 216): a superfluous replacement name for Dubitatio. - (E:1999-07-06).

2858. Stalagmites Theiss. & Syd.
Rossman et al. (1999: 165): accepted in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2859. Stereocrea Syd. & P. Syd.
Rossman et al. (1999: 217): to the Clavicipitaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2860. Stilbocrea Pat.
Rossman et al. (1999: 72): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2861. Stylonectria Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 219): synonym of Cosmospora in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2895. Sydowia Bres.
De Hoog et al. (1999: 34): Hormonema macrosporum Woronin (teleomorph Sydowia polyspora (Brefeld & Tavel) E. Müll.) clustered with Dothiora, Pringsheimia, and Discosphaerina in analyses of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 sequences. - (E:1999-07-29).

2862. Taiwanascus Sivan. & H.S. Chang
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2173) and Rossman et al. (1999: 219): to the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2936. Tasmidella Kantvilas, Hafellner & Elix
Kantvilas et al. (1999: 214) described the new genus and species Tasmidella variabilis Kantvilas, Hafellner & Elix. (with two varieties) in the Megalariaceae. - (E:1999-11-16).

2863. Thyronectria Sacc.
Rossman et al. (1999: 221): type material of the type species T. patovina insufficient to characterize the species, but it was not a member of Hypocreales. - (E:1999-07-06).

2864. Thyronectroidea Seaver
Rossman et al. (1999: 222): accepted in the Thyridiaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2865. Trichonectria Kirschst.
Rossman et al. (1999: 76): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2866. Trichosphaerella E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc.
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2173): to the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2914. Umbrinosphaeria Réblová
Réblová (1999c: 17) established the new genus Umbrinosphaeria Réblová (Trichosphaeriaceae) with the single species U. caesariata (Clinton & Peck) Réblová. It has a Sporidesmium anamorph as Miyoshiella spp., but the ascospores were 7-septate and brown with hyaline end cells. - (E:1999-10-12).

2867. Uropolystigma Maublanc
Rossman et al. (1999: 225): ”is most probably a member of the Phyllachorales”. - (E:1999-07-06).

2931. Usnea Dill. ex Adans.
Wedin et al. (1999: 1185) confirmed that Usnea should be classified in the Parmeliaceae, based on phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences. - (E:1999-10-18).

2868. Valetoniella Höhn.
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2174): to the Niessliaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2869. Valetoniellopsis Samuels & M.E. Barr
Samuels & Barr (1998: 2175): new genus in the Niessliaceae. Single species: V. laxa Samuels & M.E. Barr. - (E:1999-07-06).

2870. Valsonectria Speg.
Rossman et al. (1999: 77): to the Bionectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2871. Viennotidea Negru & Verona ex Rogerson
Rossman et al. (1999: 225): ?not related to the Hypocreales?. - (E:1999-07-06).

2872. Viridispora Samuels & Rossman
Samuels & Rossman (in Rossman et al. 1999: 166): described the new genus Viridispora in the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2873. Wakefieldiomyces Y. Kobayasi
Rossman et al. (1999: 226): to the Clavicipitaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2874. Weesea Höhn.
Rossman et al. (1999: 226): the type could not be located and the identity of Weesea remains obscure. - (E:1999-07-06).

2875. Woronichina Naumov
Rossman et al. (1999: 226): is most likely a synonym of Stigmatula (Phyllachoraceae). - (E:1999-07-06).

2876. Xenonectriella Weese
Rossman et al. (1999: 168): referred Xenonectriella, with four lichenicolous species, to the Nectriaceae. - (E:1999-07-06).

2877. Zeta Bat. & Garnier
Rossman et al. (1999: 226): probably Pseudoperisporiaceae (Dothideales s. lat.). - (E:1999-07-06).

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Numeric list of New Notes