Part Keys to Species of Graphis in Costa Rica


	.
	. [Labia entire, laterally carbonized] [Hymenium inspersed; ascospores transversely septate] Disc exposed; norstictic acid = Graphis apertella Archer Disc hidden; stictic acid = Graphis leptocarpa Fée Disc hidden; no substances = Graphis lineola Ach.
	. [Labia entire, laterally carbonized] [Hymenium clear; norstictic or stictic acid] Ascospores muriform; norstictic acid = Graphis analoga Nyl. Ascospores transversely septate; thallus partly ecorticate; labia white pruinose; norstictic acid = Graphis caesiella Vain. Ascospores transversely septate; thallus corticate; labia not pruinose, partly branched; norstictic acid = Graphis librata C. Knight Ascospores transversely septate; thallus corticate; labia not pruinose, radiately branched; stictic acid = Graphis dendrogramma Nyl.
	. [Labia entire, laterally carbonized] [Hymenium clear; no substances] Disc exposed, white pruinose; ascospores small (20-30 x 6-8 µm) = Graphis elegantula Lücking, Navarro, Umaña & Chaves Disc hidden; lirellae prominent; thallus corticate; ascospores large (70-150 x 11-20 µm) = Graphis seminuda Müll. Arg. Disc hidden; lirellae erumpent; thallus partly ecorticate; ascospores medium-sized (30-60 x 7-11 µm) = Graphis pavoniana Fée Disc hidden; lirellae erumpent; thallus partly ecorticate; ascospores small (25-35 x 7-10 µm) = Graphis furcata Fée
	. [Labia entire, completely carbonized] [Hymenium inspersed] Ascospores muriform, large (90-120 x 15-25 µm); lirellae prominent, zeorine = Graphis argentea Lücking Ascospores transversely septate, large (90-110 x 11-15 µm); lirellae prominent, zeorine = Graphis bettinae Lücking, Umaña, Chaves & Sipman Ascospores transversely septate, small (25-45 x 7-9 µm); lirellae prominent, lecideine = Graphis anfractuosa (Eschw.) Eschw.
	. [Labia entire, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores muriform; lirellae lacking thalline cover] Lirellae with orange, K+ dark pink pruina; ascospores muriform, very large (120-190 x 17-23 µm) = Graphis chrysocarpa (Raddi) Spreng. Lirellae with orange, K+ dark pink pruina; ascospores submuriform with longitudinal septa at both ends, large (65-120 x 10-15 µm) = Graphis miniata Redinger Lirellae lacking pruina, black; ascospores small (25-40 x 14-18 µm), 8 per ascus = Graphis nuda (Magn.) Staiger & Lücking Lirellae lacking pruina, black; ascospores large (55-80 x 22-28 µm), 2-4 per ascus = Graphis subruiziana Sipman & Lücking
	. [Labia entire, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores muriform; lirellae with thalline cover] Lirellae rounded to oval, thalline cover with clusters of crystals = Graphis muscicola (Kalb) Staiger Lirellae rounded to oval, thalline cover lacking crystals but inner parts of excipulum with clusters of crystals = Graphis oryzaecarpa Lücking Lirellae elongate, immersed-erumpent = Graphis pseudohiascens ad interim Lirellae elongate, prominent; thalline cover with clusters of crystals, thin on top of labia = Graphis illinata Eschw. Lirellae elongate, prominent; thalline cover lacking crystals, thick on top of labia = Graphis carassensis Vain.
	. [Labia entire, laterally carbonized] [Hymenium clear; norstictic or stictic acid] Ascospores muriform; norstictic acid = Graphis analoga Nyl. Ascospores transversely septate; thallus partly ecorticate; labia white pruinose; norstictic acid = Graphis caesiella Vain. Ascospores transversely septate; thallus corticate; labia not pruinose, partly branched; norstictic acid = Graphis librata C. Knight Ascospores transversely septate; thallus corticate; labia not pruinose, radiately branched; stictic acid = Graphis dendrogramma Nyl.
	. [Labia entire, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores transversely septate; lirellae Opegrapha-like] Ascospores brown, medium-sized (50-65 x 11-14 µm) = Graphis pittieri Lücking Ascospores colorless, medium-sized (40-50 x 8-13 µm), with gelatinous gaps = Graphis subnuda Staiger & Lücking Ascospores colorless, small (25-45 x 7-10 µm), lacking gelatinous gaps = Graphis virescens Müll. Arg.
	. [Labia entire, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores transversely septate, large] Lirellae with yellowish, K+ orange-yellow pigment = Graphis flava Lücking Lirellae lacking pigment, with thalline cover; stictic acid = Graphis turgidula Müll. Arg. Lirellae lacking pigment, with thalline cover; no substances = Graphis anguilliformis Taylor
	. [Labia entire, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores transversely septate, small] Norstictic acid; ascospores very small (17-25 x 5-7 µm) = Graphis librata C. Knight No substances; ascospores medium-sized (40-50 x 7-10 µm); black labia sharply contrasting with thallus = Graphis atrolabiata Chaves & Lücking No substances; ascospores small (22-36 x 6-9 µm); lirellae immersed, radiately branched, pseudostroma-like = Graphis hyphosa Staiger No substances; ascospores small (22-30 x 5-7 µm); lirellae erumpent, partly branched = Graphis subvirescens ad interim
	. [Labia striate, laterally carbonized] [Ascospores muriform] Ascospores small (25-35 x 10-13 µm); lirellae radiately branched = Graphis elongatoradians Fink Ascospores medium-sized (35-60 x 10-16 µm); lirellae partly branched = Graphis pseudoserpens Chaves, Lücking & Umaña
	. [Labia striate, laterally carbonized] [Ascospores transversely septate; substances present] Norstictic acid; ascospores medium-sized (35-60 x 9-13 µm) = Graphis elegans (Sm.) Ach. Isohypocrellin (excipulum with dark red pigment, K+ green); ascospores medium-sized (40-50 x 8-13 µm) = Graphis hypocrellina Lücking & Chaves Lichexanthone; ascospores large (65-85 x 7-12 µm) = Graphis cuiabensis Staiger
	. [Labia striate, laterally carbonized] [Ascospores transversely septate; no substances] Ascospores large (90-120 x 12-15 µm) = Graphis flexibilis Kremp. Ascospores medium-sized (40-65 x 9-12 µm), 9-13-septate; lirellae with thalline cover except apex of labia = Graphis rigidula Müll. Arg. Ascospores medium-sized (40-60 x 8-12 µm), 9-15-septate; lirellae lacking thalline cover except at base = Graphis striatula (Ach.) Spreng. Ascospores small (20-30 x 6-8 µm), 5-9-septate; lirellae with thalline cover except apex of labia = Graphis tenella Ach. Ascospores small (25-45 x 6-8 µm), 7-11-septate; lirellae lacking thalline cover except at base = Graphis duplicata Ach.
	. [Labia striate, completely carbonized] [Hymenium inspersed] Ascospores transversely septate, 1-4 per ascus, very broad (120-220 x 18-30 µm) = Graphis cinerea Fée Ascospores submuriform with scattered longitudinal septa, 6-8 per ascus, narrow (120-180 x 10-14 µm) = Graphis altamirensis Sipman & Lücking Ascospores submuriform with longitudinal septa at both ends, 6-8 per ascus, broad (60-150 x 12-20 µm) = Graphis subflexibilis Lücking & Chaves Ascospores muriform, 4-8 per ascus, large (100-140 x 15-25 µm) = Graphis cinereoides Lücking Ascospores muriform, 4-8 per ascus, medium-sized (50-65 x 9-12 µm) = Graphis pseudocinerea Lücking
	. [Labia striate, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores (sub)muriform, large] Labia with orange, K+ dark pink pruina; ascospores muriform, very large (120-190 x 17-23 µm) = Graphis chrysocarpa (Raddi) Spreng. Labia with orange, K+ dark pink pruina; ascospores submuriform with longitudinal septa at both ends, large (65-120 x 10-15 µm) = Graphis miniata Redinger Labia lacking orange pruina; ascospores muriform = Graphis acharii Fée Labia lacking orange pruina; ascospores submuriform with longitudinal septa at both ends = Graphis vestitoides (Fink) Staiger
	. [Labia striate, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores muriform, medium-sized] Lirellae erumpent, with thalline cover except apex of labia = Graphis plurispora (Redinger) Lücking & Chaves Lirellae prominent to sessile, lacking thalline cover; slit with brown pruina; paraphyses apically anastomosing; thallus yellowish green = Glyphis substriatula (Nyl.) Staiger Lirellae prominent to sessile, lacking thalline cover; slit lacking pruina; paraphyses apically unbranched; thallus greyish white = Graphis nigra Chaves & Lücking
	. [Labia striate, completely carbonized] [Hymenium clear; ascospores transversely septate] Stictic acid (excipulum black, K+ yellow) = Graphis fournieri Lizano & Lücking Isohypocrellin (excipulum black with dark red pigment, K+ green) = Graphis hypocrellina Lücking & Chaves No substances; labia with thalline margin except at apex; ascospores 50-70 µm long = Graphis longula Kremp. No substances; labia lacking thalline margin except at base; ascospores 30-50 µm long = Graphis rimulosa (Mont.) Trevis.
	. [Labia entire, laterally carbonized] [Hymenium inspersed; ascospores transversely septate] Disc exposed; norstictic acid = Graphis apertella Archer Disc hidden; stictic acid = Graphis leptocarpa Fée Disc hidden; no substances = Graphis lineola Ach.