Species Dupl. Code Labia Excipulum Hymenium Septation Major substance Lirellae shape Thalline cover Lirellae size Special features Lirellae dimensions Lirellae branching Spore number Spore septa Spore size Spore dimensions Minor substances Type locality Source Sample to be identified Graphis britannica Staiger 1 entire apically carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium slender 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 6-8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 25-75 x 13-20 Great Britain Staiger 2002 Graphis dimidiata Vain. 1 entire apically carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 4-8 per ascus 3-5 x 1-3 small 13-26 x 8-15 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis pseudoserpentina ad interim 1 entire apically carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present short 1-3 x 0.3-0.4 rarely branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] medium 60-75 x 15-30 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis alpestris (Zahlbr.) Staiger 1 entire apically carbonized clear muriform nil prominent absent large "disc exposed, pruinose (white)" 3-7 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 50-115 x 19-30 China Staiger 2002 Graphis coarctata Stirt. 2 entire apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium thallus papillose 1-4 x 0.3-0.4 stellate 8 per ascus 3-5 small 16-20 x 5-7 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis longispora Awasthi & S. Singh 2 entire apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present long 4-9 partly branched 8 per ascus 11-27 large 45-135 x 9-16 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis glaucescens FŽe 2 entire apically carbonized clear transverse nil immersed present medium slender labia pruinose (white; thallus ecorticate 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 25-45 x 7-10 South America Staiger 2002 Graphis malacodes Nyl. 2 entire apically carbonized clear transverse nil immersed present (complete) medium slender thallus ecorticate 3-5 x 0.1-0.15 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 9-11 small 35-45 x 7-8 New Caledonia Staiger 2002 Graphis nematoides Leight. 2 entire apically carbonized clear transverse nil prominent absent long 4-8 partly branched 8 per ascus 3-5 small 19-23 x 5-8 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis nigroglauca Leight. 2 entire apically carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent absent long 1-6 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 medium 30-60 x 7-9 "stictic, constictic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphina coccospora Aptroot 3 entire completely carbonized clear submuriform nil erumpent absent short robust spore Fissurina-like 0.5-1.5 x 0.3-0.6 unbranched 8 per ascus 3-5 x 0-1 small 6-12 x 7-10 Brazil Aptroot 2002 Graphis plurispora (Redgr.) LŸcking Dupl. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium slender 2-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 2-6 per ascus 7-13 x 1-3 medium 30-60 x 10-15 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis pseudohiascens ad interim 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present (complete) medium [unspecified] unbranched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 60-140 x 18-35 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis sulcatula var. conglomerata MŸll. Arg. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent absent small lirellae clustered 1-2 x 0.2-0.3 stellate 6-8 per ascus 5-7 x 1-3 small 30-35 x 10-13 Paraguay Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis carassensis Vain. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent present (complete) large thalline margin lacking crystals 1-7 x 0.5-0.8 rarely branched 1-3 per ascus [unspecified] large 80-120 x 25-35 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis illinata Eschw. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent present (complete) large 1-7 x 0.4-0.6 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] very large 100-150 x 18-30 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis inturgescens Kremp. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent present (complete) large 3-7 x 0.4-0.6 rarely branched 2-4 per ascus [unspecified] large 80-170 x 15-30 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis nuda (Magn.) Staiger & LŸcking 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil sessile absent short Melaspilea-like 1-2 x 0.25-0.35 unbranched 8 per ascus [unspecified] small 25-40 x 14-18 Hawaii LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis ruiziana (FŽe) A. Massal. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil sessile absent short Melaspilea-like 0.5-1.5 x 0.2-0.4 rarely branched 4-8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 35-65 x 10-20 Central America Staiger 2002 Graphis subruiziana Sipman & LŸcking 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil sessile absent short Melaspilea-like 0.5-1.5 x 0.3-0.5 rarely branched 2-4 per ascus [unspecified] medium 55-80 x 22-28 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis muscicola (Kalb) Staiger 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil sessile present short robust lirellae rounded to ellipsoid 0.5-1 x 0.5-0.7 unbranched 1 per ascus [unspecified] very large 150-270 x 25-50 Ecuador Staiger 2002 Graphis oryzaecarpa LŸcking 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform nil sessile present short robust lirellae rounded to ellipsoid 0.8-1.3 x 0.6-1 unbranched 1-2 per ascus [unspecified] very large 120-180 x 30-40 [unknown] LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis cleistoblephara Nyl. 3 entire completely carbonized clear muriform norstictic prominent present short 0.5-1 x 0.4-0.5 unbranched 2-4 per ascus [unspecified] large 80-130 x 13-23 China (Hong Kong) Staiger 2002 Graphis flava LŸcking 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse anthraquinones prominent absent large "labia pruinose (pale yellow, K+ yellow-orange)" 3-10 x 0.4-0.6 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 11-19 large 70-100 x 11-15 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis sauroidea Leight. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse lichexanthone (sometimes) prominent absent medium 0.5-4 x 0.3-0.4 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-15 medium 45-60 x 10-14 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis assimilis Nyl. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present long 1-7 partly branched [unspecified] 5-13 small 23-54 x 6-9 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis subvirescens ad interim 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium slender [unspecified] rarely branched [unspecified] 7-9 small 22-30 x 5-7 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis hyphosa Staiger 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil immersed present medium slender lirellae pseudostroma-like; labia pruinose (thinly); spores often with short tail 1-5 x 0.1-0.2 stellate 8 per ascus 5-9 small 22-36 x 6-9 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis anguilliformis Taylor 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present large thalline margin lacking crystals 2-10 x 0.4-0.6 partly branched 2-8 per ascus 19-25 large 70-130 x 11-20 Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis atrolabiata Chaves & LŸcking 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present medium sharp contrast between black labia and thalline margin 1-6 x 0.25-0.35 rarely branched 8 per ascus 9-11 medium 40-50 x 7-10 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis subvirginea Nyl. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present small 0.5-2 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-9 small 25-30 x 6-7 South America Staiger 2002 Graphis tumidula (FŽe) Spreng. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present (complete) large thalline margin lacking crystals 1-7 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 2-6 per ascus 19-39 very large 120-300 x 15-22 [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis adpressa Vain. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil sessile absent short Melaspilea-like 0.5-2 x 0.25-0.35 rarely branched 8 per ascus 9-17 medium 50-70 x 13-15 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis pittieri LŸcking 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil sessile absent small Melaspilea-like; spores greyish brown 0.5-1 x 0.2-0.3 unbranched 8 per ascus 9-11 medium 50-65 x 11-14 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis subnuda Staiger & LŸcking 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil sessile absent short Melaspilea-like 0.5-1.5 x 0.2-0.4 rarely branched 8 per ascus 7-11 medium 40-50 x 8-13 Brazil LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis virescens MŸll. Arg. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse nil sessile absent small Melaspilea-like 0.5-2 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 25-45 x 7-10 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis asahinae Patw. & Kulk. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present long 1-7 partly branched [unspecified] 5-11 medium 25-64 x 6-9 "stictic, constictic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis intricata FŽe 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present medium slender Opegrapha-like 1-5 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 20-27 x 6-8 [unknown] Staiger 2002 Graphis librata C. Knight 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 17-25 x 5-7 connorstictic New Zealand Staiger 2002 Graphis capillacea Stirt. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic immersed present short 0.5-2 partly branched [unspecified] 7-11 small 24-48 x 5-9 "stictic, salazinic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis cervina MŸll. Arg. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic immersed present small labia pruinose (partly) 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 rarely branched 8 per ascus 3-7 small 15-25 x 5-7 Japan Staiger 2002 Graphis dussii Vain. Dupl. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present short robust 0.5-1.5 x 0.4-0.6 unbranched 8 per ascus 15-23 large 70-105 x 8-10 Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis marginata Raddi 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present medium 1-6 unbranched [unspecified] 11-25 large 50-120 x 9-18 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis sp. (Hale 35069) 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present (complete) large 1-6 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 9-17 large 60-100 x 10-14 Lesser Antilles (Dominica) Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis subassimilis MŸll. Arg. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent absent medium 1-4 stellate [unspecified] 9-17 large 50-90 x 8-12 "constictic, salazinic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis assamensis Nagarkar & Patw. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent present short 1-3 stellate 6-8 per ascus 13-15 medium 40-65 x 5-10 "constictic, salazinic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis subamylacea Zahlbr. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse stictic immersed present medium slender labia pruinose (partly) 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 richly branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 17-30 x 5-8 Mexico Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis turgidula MŸll. Arg. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse stictic prominent present (complete) large 1-6 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 9-17 large 60-100 x 10-14 Mauritius Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis modesta Zahlbr. 4 entire completely carbonized clear transverse stictic [unknown] [unknown] long "disc exposed, pruinose" 1-8 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-28 x 5-8 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis argentea LŸcking 5 entire completely carbonized inspersed muriform nil prominent present medium 1-6 x 0.3-0.5 partly branched 4-6 per ascus [unspecified] large 90-120 x 15-25 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis pseudoanaloga Vain. 5 entire completely carbonized inspersed muriform norstictic erumpent present medium slender lirellae narrow 1-4 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 8 per ascus 5-9 x 1-3 small 22-45 x 9-12 Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe) Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis leprographa Nyl. 5 entire completely carbonized inspersed muriform norstictic immersed present short 0.5-1.5 x 0.25-0.35 unbranched 1-2 per ascus [unspecified] large 70-110 x 16-23 Sri Lanka Staiger 2002 Graphis chromothecia R. C. Harris 6 entire completely carbonized inspersed transverse anthraquinones erumpent absent medium "disc exposed, pruinose (orange, K+ purple)" [unspecified] partly branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 27-34 x 7-8 norstictic U.S.A. Harris 1990 Graphis anfractuosa (Eschw.) Eschw. 6 entire completely carbonized inspersed transverse nil prominent absent small Opegrapha-like 1-3 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 25-45 x 7-9 Brazil Staiger 2002 "Graphis bettinae LŸcking, Umana, Chaves & Sipman" 6 entire completely carbonized inspersed transverse nil prominent present small 1-3 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 4-8 per ascus 15-25 large 90-110 x 11-15 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis subserpens Staiger ad int. 6 entire completely carbonized inspersed transverse nil prominent present (complete) short robust 1-3 x 0.6-0.8 unbranched 4-8 per ascus 9-19 large 80-120 x 20-30 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis desquamescens (FŽe) Zahlbr. 6 entire completely carbonized inspersed transverse norstictic erumpent absent medium slender Opegrapha-like 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-50 x 5-8 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis centrifuga RŠsŠnen 6 entire completely carbonized inspersed transverse norstictic prominent present medium slender 0.5-5 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 8 per ascus 3-7 small 18-23 x 5-7 Australia Staiger 2002 Graphina xylophaga R. C. Harris 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium [unspecified] rarely branched 1-2 per ascus [unspecified] large 65-90 x 20-30 U.S.A. Harris 1995 Graphis britannica Staiger Dupl. 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium slender 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 6-8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 25-75 x 13-20 Great Britain Staiger 2002 Graphis subvelata Stirt. 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium [unspecified] partly branched [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis triphora Nyl. 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform nil prominent present (complete) large 1-7 x 0.5-0.8 partly branched 3-4 per ascus [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis analoga Nyl. 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present long slender 1-7 x 0.1-0.2 richly branched 6-8 per ascus 3-7 x 1-3 small 17-30 x 9-12 [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis subserpentina Nyl. 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform norstictic immersed present long slender 4-8 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] medium 60-75 x 17-22 connorstictic Sri Lanka Staiger 2002 Graphis cleitops FŽe 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform stictic prominent present large 1-7 x 0.6-0.8 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphina triphoroides Hale 7 entire laterally carbonized clear muriform stictic prominent present (complete) large labia pruinose (white) 1-6 x 0.8-1 unbranched 6-8 per ascus 7-9 x 1-3 medium 45-75 x 18-30 Lesser Antilles (Dominica) Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis inversa R. C. Harris 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse anthraquinones erumpent absent medium "disc exposed, pruinose (orange, K+ purple)" [unspecified] partly branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 23-30 x 6-7 U. S. A. Harris 1990 "Graphis elegantula LŸcking, Navarro, Uma–a & Chaves" 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present small "disc exposed, pruinose (white)" 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 rarely branched 8 per ascus 7-9 small 20-30 x 6-8 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis foliicola var. major Awasthi & Singh 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present small foliicolous 0.5-1.5 x 0.1-0.2 unbranched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 28-56 x 5-8 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis furcata FŽe 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present small thallus ecorticate (partly) 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 5-9 small 25-35 x 7-10 Central America Staiger 2002 Graphis hossei Vain. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium 1-4 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 11-17 large 50-110 x 8-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis pavoniana FŽe 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium slender thallus ecorticate (partly) 1-5 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 7-17 medium 30-60 x 7-11 [unknown] Staiger 2002 Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium slender disc exposed (often) 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-15 medium 25-70 x 6-10 Sweden Staiger 2002 Graphis subdisserpens Nyl. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present long 3-10 stellate 6-8 per ascus 9-17 medium 35-70 x 6-10 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis seminuda MŸll. Arg. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present (complete) medium robust thalline margin lacking crystals 1-6 x 0.4-0.6 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 11-25 large 70-150 x 11-20 Costa Rica Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis caesiella Vain. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present small labia pruinose (white) 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-40 x 6-8 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis garoana Nagarkar & Patw. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present long 2-10 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-15 medium 30-90 x 6-12 salazinic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis guimarana Vain. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present long disc exposed 1-6 partly branched 8 per ascus 9-13 small 28-47 x 7-9 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis librata C. Knight Dupl. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 17-25 x 5-7 connorstictic New Zealand Staiger 2002 Graphis pyrrhocheiloides Zahlbr. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present medium disc exposed 1-4 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 5-13 small 32-46 x 6-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis subasahinae Nagarkar & Patw. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present short 1-3 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-11 small 14-36 x 5-8 "stictic, salazinic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis dussii Vain. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present short robust 0.5-1.5 x 0.4-0.6 unbranched 8 per ascus 15-23 large 70-105 x 8-10 Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis arecae Vain. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent present long 1-7 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-40 x 5-8 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis caesiella Vain. Dupl. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent present small labia pruinose (white) 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-40 x 6-8 Brazil Harris 1995 Graphis ceylandica Zahlbr. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent present medium labia pruinose 2-4 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 24-40 x 4-7 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis longiramea MŸll. Arg. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent present long 5-15 stellate 4-8 per ascus 7-23 large 40-150 x 6-16 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis dendrogramma Nyl. 8 entire laterally carbonized clear transverse stictic immersed present medium slender 1-5 x 0.15-0.25 stellate 8 per ascus 7-9 small 20-30 x 6-8 constictic Malaysia (Admiralty Isl.) Staiger 2002 Graphis hiascens (FŽe) LŸcking & Sipman 9 entire laterally carbonized inspersed muriform norstictic erumpent present (complete) medium 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 rarely branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 70-115 x 18-32 South America Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis lineola Ach. 10 entire laterally carbonized inspersed transverse nil erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-9 small 20-40 x 6-8 Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis apertella Archer 10 entire laterally carbonized inspersed transverse norstictic erumpent present short disc exposed 1-3 x 0.2-0.4 rarely branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 25-45 x 6-10 connorstictic Australia Staiger 2002 "Graphis brevicarpa M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K. H. Moon" 10 entire laterally carbonized inspersed transverse norstictic immersed present (complete) short robust 0.5-1.5 x 0.4-0.6 rarely branched 6-8 per ascus 3-5 small 17-20 x 6-7 Vanuatu Nakanishi et al. 2002 Graphis leptocarpa FŽe 10 entire laterally carbonized inspersed transverse stictic erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 8 per ascus 7-13 small 20-40 x 6-8 constictic South America Staiger 2002 Graphis disserpens Nyl. 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent absent long slender 3-10 x 0.15-0.25 stellate 1-2 per ascus [unspecified] small 35-46 x 17-24 Colombia Staiger 2002 Graphis paradisserpens Sipman & LŸcking 11 striate apically carbonized clear submuriform nil erumpent absent long slender 2-8 x 0.15-0.25 stellate 2-8 per ascus 5-7 x 0-2 small 25-35 x 10-14 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis paraserpens Lizano & LŸcking 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium slender 2-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 2-6 per ascus [unspecified] small 30-40 x 9-11 [unknown] LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis symplecta Nyl. 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform nil immersed present small 1-3 x 0.1-0.15 partly branched 6-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 36-45 x 15-20 Colombia Staiger 2002 Graphina sulcata Fink 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present medium 1-5 x 0.2-0.5 rarely branched 2-6 per ascus 5-7 x 1-3 small 20-35 x 10-20 Puerto Rico Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis antillarum Vain. 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present long slender 3-10 x 0.2 partly branched 2-4 per ascus [unspecified] medium 35-60 x 15-24 connorstictic Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis bipartita MŸll. Arg. 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present (complete) long 3-6 x 0.2-0.4 rarely branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 60-100 x 23-40 [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis deserpens Vain. 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform stictic erumpent present medium slender 3-5 x 0.2-0.3 richly branched 8 per ascus [unspecified] small 25-35 x 9-14 [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis parilis (Kremp.) MŸll. Arg. 11 striate apically carbonized clear muriform stictic erumpent present medium 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 partly branched 8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 30-80 x 10-20 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis chlorotica A. Massal. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent medium [unspecified] unbranched 8 per ascus 9-13 small 32-45 x 5-8 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis proserpens Vain. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent medium 1-5 x 0.2-0.4 richly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 20-40 x 6-9 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis sikkimensis Nagarkar & Patw. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent long 5-18 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-15 medium 25-60 x 5-9 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis glauconigra Vain. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 9-17 large 30-110 x 8-12 Philippines Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis olivacea Redinger 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 9-17 large 45-125 x 8-13 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis patwardhanii Kulk. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present long thallus isidiate 1-7 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 9-19 large 50-100 x 7-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis endoxantha Nyl. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil prominent absent large 1-6 x 0.5-0.7 rarely branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 25-30 x 6-8 New Caledonia Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis subelegans Nyl. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse nil prominent absent large 1-6 x 0.4-0.7 rarely branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 25-30 x 6-10 Mexico Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis nigroglauca Leight. Dupl. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent absent long 1-6 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 medium 30-60 x 7-9 "stictic, constictic" [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis sorediosa Nagarkar & Patw. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent absent long thallus sorediate 2-9 partly branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-32 x 6-10 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis sp. (Awasthi 1991: no. 1) 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent absent long labia pruinose 2-10 partly branched 2-4 per ascus 9-25 large 60-160 x 12-16 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis vittata MŸll. Arg. 12 striate apically carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent absent short 1-3 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-9 small 35-45 x 6-8 constictic [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis chrysocarpa (Raddi) Spreng. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform anthraquinones prominent absent large "labia pruinose (orange, K+ dark pink)" 1-8 x 0.5-0.8 partly branched 2-6 per ascus [unspecified] very large 120-190 x 17-23 Brazil/Ecuador Staiger 2002 Graphis miniata Redgr. 13 striate completely carbonized clear terminal muriform anthraquinones prominent absent medium "labia pruinose (orange, K+ dark pink)" 1-5 x 0.25-0.5 rarely branched 6-8 per ascus 15-19 x 0-2 large 65-120 x 10-15 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis dealbata Nyl. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform hypostictic immersed present (complete) medium 1-6 x 0.25-0.35 rarely branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 80-110 x 20-32 hypostictic relatives Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis crystallifera (Redinger) Staiger 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium saxicolous 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 partly branched 1-2 per ascus [unspecified] large 75-115 x 33-45 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis plurispora (Redgr.) LŸcking & Chaves 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium slender 2-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 2-6 per ascus 7-13 x 1-3 medium 30-60 x 10-15 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis pseudosophistica Vain. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] very large 140-170 x 30-40 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis albotecta (Redinger) Staiger 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present (complete) short 1-2 x 0.3-0.4 partly branched 6-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 33-45 x 10-19 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis includens Vain. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present (complete) small 1-3 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] very large 140-170 x 30-40 [unknown] Staiger 2002 Graphis macella Kremp. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present (complete) medium robust 1-4 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 70-170 x 20-40 Brazil Staiger 2002 Glyphis substriatula (Nyl.) Staiger 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent absent medium slender Opegrapha-like; slit pruinose (brown) 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 4-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 30-50 x 10-20 Nicaragua Staiger 2002 Graphis sulcatula MŸll. Arg. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent absent medium slender Opegrapha-like 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus 3-5 x 1-3 small 20-40 x 12-16 Paraguay Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis acharii FŽe 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil prominent present large 1-10 x 0.5-1 partly branched 2-6 per ascus [unspecified] large 80-170 x 15-30 South America Staiger 2002 Graphis vestitoides (Fink) Staiger 13 striate completely carbonized clear terminal muriform nil prominent present large 1-8 x 0.5-0.8 partly branched 2-6 per ascus 19-23 x 0-2 large 80-140 x 12-16 Puerto Rico Staiger 2002 Graphis nigra Chaves & LŸcking 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform nil sessile absent medium slender Opegrapha-like 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus [unspecified] small 35-45 x 12-16 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis componens Nyl. 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present medium labia with crystals between stria 1-5 x 0.4-0.5 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 60-105 x 20-33 Colombia Staiger 2002 Graphis sp. (Britton 680) 13 striate completely carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present medium excipulum K+ purple [unspecified] partly branched 2-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 20-35 x 10-15 U.S.A. Harris 1995 Graphis aquilonia (Archer) Staiger 13 striate completely carbonized clear terminal muriform norstictic prominent present large 1-8 x 0.5-0.8 partly branched 2-6 per ascus [unspecified] very large 100-170 x 20-30 Australia Staiger 2002 Graphis hypocrellina LŸcking & Chaves Dupl. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse isohypocrellin prominent absent long "excipulum red-black, K+ green" 1-8 x 0.2-0.5 partly branched 8 per ascus 9-13 medium 40-50 x 8-13 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis rimulosa (Mont.) Trevis. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent small 0.5-2 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 4-8 per ascus 7-11 small 30-50 x 7-10 Guyana Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis illota MŸll. Arg. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium 1-4 partly branched 2-4 per ascus 11-19 large 70-160 x 10-15 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis longula Kremp. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present long 1-10 x 0.3-0.4 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 11-17 medium 50-70 x 10-13 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis persulcata Stirt. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present short 1-3 unbranched 8 per ascus 7-15 small 26-32 x 5-7 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis rigidula MŸll. Arg. Dupl. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium slender 1-5 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 8 per ascus 9-13 medium 40-65 x 9-12 Costa Rica Staiger 2002 Graphis striatula (Ach.) Spreng. Dupl. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil prominent absent small 0.5-3 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 9-15 medium 40-60 x 8-12 Guinea Staiger 2002 Graphis flexibilis Kremp. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present large 1-7 x 0.3-0.6 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 15-21 large 90-120 x 12-15 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis contortuplicata MŸll. Arg. Dupl. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil sessile absent long 3-12 partly branched 2-4 per ascus 13-25 large 50-120 x 6-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis contortuplicata MŸll. Arg. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse nil sessile present long 3-12 partly branched 2-4 per ascus 13-25 large 50-120 x 6-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis inamoena Zahlbr. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present short 1-3 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-13 medium 35-55 x 7-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis rimulosa var. parallela MŸll. Arg. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent present medium 1-4 rarely branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 32-40 x 7-8 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis schiffneri Zahlbr. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic immersed present small labia pruinose (white) 0.5-1 x 0.1-0.2 unbranched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 24-32 x 7-9 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis celata Stirt. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present medium 1-6 rarely branched 2-4 per ascus 9-17 large 60-105 x 9-12 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis verminosa MŸll. Arg. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present medium 1-6 partly branched 8 per ascus 21-35 large 80-150 x 7-10 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis congesta (FŽe) MŸll. Arg. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present (complete) short robust labia pruinose (partly) 1-3 x 0.4-0.6 stellate 4-8 per ascus 10-17 medium 60-80 x 12-16 connorstictic [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis lumbricina Vain. 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present (complete) medium labia pruinose (partly) 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 9-19 large 50-120 x 10-20 connorstictic Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis sp. (Harris 1995: no. 91) 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse stictic erumpent present medium [unspecified] partly branched [unspecified] 11-15 medium 50-60 x 7-9 [unknown] Harris 1995 Graphis fournierii Lizano & LŸcking 14 striate completely carbonized clear transverse stictic prominent absent medium 1-5 x 0.3-0.4 partly branched [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis cinereoides LŸcking 15 striate completely carbonized inspersed muriform nil prominent present large 3-7 x 0.4-0.6 partly branched 4-8 per ascus [unspecified] very large 100-140 x 15-25 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis pseudocinerea LŸcking 15 striate completely carbonized inspersed muriform nil prominent present medium 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 rarely branched 4-8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 50-65 x 9-12 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis subcinerea Staiger ad int. 15 striate completely carbonized inspersed muriform nil prominent present medium robust 1-4 x 0.6-1.1 rarely branched 1-3 per ascus [unspecified] large 90-140 x 25-36 [unknown] Staiger 2002 Graphis subflexibilis LŸcking & Chaves 15 striate completely carbonized inspersed terminal muriform nil prominent present medium robust 1-6 x 0.4-0.6 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 15-29 x 0-1 large 60-150 x 12-20 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis altamirensis Sipman & LŸcking 15 striate completely carbonized inspersed submuriform nil sessile present large 1-8 x 0.4-0.6 richly branched 4-6 per ascus 21-29 x 0-1 very large 120-180 x 10-14 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis pseudoanaloga Vain. Dupl. 15 striate completely carbonized inspersed muriform norstictic erumpent present medium slender lirellae narrow 1-4 x 0.2-0.3 rarely branched 8 per ascus 5-9 x 1-3 small 22-45 x 9-12 Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe) Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis cinerea FŽe 16 striate completely carbonized inspersed transverse nil prominent present medium robust 1-4 x 0.6-1.2 rarely branched 1-4 per ascus 19-29 very large 120-220 x 18-30 Unknown Staiger 2002 Graphis disserpens Nyl. Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent absent long slender 3-10 x 0.15-0.25 stellate 1-2 per ascus [unspecified] small 35-46 x 17-24 Colombia Staiger 2002 Graphis paradisserpens Sipman & LŸcking Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent absent long slender 2-8 x 0.15-0.25 stellate 2-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 25-35 x 10-14 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis elongatoradians Fink 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present long slender 1-10 x 0.1-0.2 stellate 2-6 per ascus [unspecified] small 25-35 x 10-13 Puerto Rico Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis paraserpens Lizano & LŸcking Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present medium slender 2-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 2-6 per ascus [unspecified] small 30-40 x 9-11 [unknown] LŸcking et al. 2004 "Graphis pseudoserpens Chaves, LŸcking & Uma–a" 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 35-60 x 10-16 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis macella Kremp. Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil erumpent present (complete) medium robust 1-4 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 1 per ascus [unspecified] large 70-170 x 20-40 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis symplecta Nyl. Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil immersed present small 1-3 x 0.1-0.15 partly branched 6-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 36-45 x 15-20 Colombia Staiger 2002 Glyphis substriatula (Nyl.) Staiger Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil prominent absent medium slender Opegrapha-like; slit pruinose (brown) 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 4-8 per ascus [unspecified] small 30-50 x 10-20 Nicaragua Staiger 2002 Graphis sulcatula MŸll. Arg. Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil prominent absent medium slender Opegrapha-like 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus 3-5 x 1-3 small 20-40 x 12-16 Paraguay Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis nigra LŸcking & Chaves Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform nil sessile absent medium slender Opegrapha-like 1-5 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus [unspecified] small 35-40 x 12-16 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis antillarum Vain. Dupl. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present long slender 3-10 x 0.2 partly branched 2-4 per ascus [unspecified] medium 35-60 x 15-24 connorstictic Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis elongata Vain. 17 striate laterally carbonized clear muriform norstictic erumpent present long slender 1-7 x 0.2-0.3 stellate 2-6 per ascus 7-9 x 1-3 small 25-50 x 13-19 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1963 Graphis hypocrellina LŸcking & Chaves 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse isohypocrellin prominent absent long "excipulum red-black, K+ green" 1-8 x 0.2-0.5 partly branched 8 per ascus 9-13 medium 40-50 x 8-13 Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004 Graphis cuiabensis Staiger ad int. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse lichexanthone prominent absent medium 1-4 x 0.3-0.4 rarely branched 6-8 per ascus 13-19 large 65-85 x 7-12 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis haleana R. C. Harris 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse lichexanthone prominent absent short [unspecified] rarely branched 8 per ascus 9-13 medium 50-75 x 9-12 U.S.A. Harris 1990 Graphis duplicata Ach. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent medium slender 1-6 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 25-45 x 6-8 Central America Staiger 2002 Graphis lucifica R. C. Harris 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent long [unspecified] partly branched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 20-30 x 7-9 lichexanthone U.S.A. Harris 1990 Graphis proserpens Vain. Dupl. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent absent medium 1-5 x 0.2-0.4 richly branched 8 per ascus 7-11 small 20-40 x 6-9 Brazil Staiger 2002 Graphis longula Kremp. Dupl. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present long 1-10 x 0.3-0.4 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 11-17 medium 50-70 x 10-13 Brazil Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis rigidula MŸll. Arg. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium slender 1-5 x 0.15-0.25 partly branched 8 per ascus 9-13 medium 40-65 x 9-12 Costa Rica Staiger 2002 Graphis schizograpta MŸll. Arg. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present short labia pruinose 1-3 unbranched 6-8 per ascus 9-13 small 36-44 x 7-9 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis subglauconigra Nagarkar & Patw. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present small 0.5-1.5 x 0.2-0.3 unbranched 8 per ascus 5-7 small 16-28 x 7-8 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis supertecta MŸll. Arg. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present medium labia pruinose 1-5 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 11-13 medium 45-75 x 8-10 [unknown] Awasthi 1991 Graphis tenella Ach. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present small 1-3 x 0.1-0.2 rarely branched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 20-30 x 6-8 Guinea Staiger 2002 Graphis calcea (FŽe) A. Massal. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil erumpent present (complete) large 1-7 x 0.3-0.6 partly branched 6-8 per ascus 13-29 large 60-190 x 12-16 [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis striatula (Ach.) Spreng. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil prominent absent small 0.5-3 x 0.2-0.3 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 9-15 medium 40-60 x 8-12 Guinea Staiger 2002 Graphis tumidella Fink 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse nil prominent present (complete) large 1-7 x 0.3-0.6 partly branched 6-8 per ascus [unspecified] medium 40-50 x 9-15 [unknown] Wirth & Hale 1978 Graphis elegans (Sm.) Ach. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic erumpent absent short robust spores thick-walled 1-3 x 0.5-0.7 partly branched 8 per ascus 9-13 medium 35-60 x 9-13 connorstictic England Staiger 2002 Graphis schiffneri Zahlbr. Dupl. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic immersed present small labia pruinose (white) 0.5-1 x 0.1-0.2 unbranched 8 per ascus 5-9 small 24-32 x 7-9 [unknown] Nakanishi et al. 2003 Graphis lumbricina Vain. Dupl. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse norstictic prominent present (complete) medium labia pruinose (partly) 1-5 x 0.3-0.5 partly branched 4-8 per ascus 9-19 large 50-120 x 10-20 connorstictic Lesser Antilles Staiger 2002 Graphis fournierii Lizano & LŸcking Dupl. 18 striate laterally carbonized clear transverse stictic prominent absent medium 1-5 x 0.3-0.4 partly branched [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] [unspecified] Costa Rica LŸcking et al. 2004