Lateral excipulum carbonized throughout; apothecial labia pruinose, pruina whitish, C+ red (lecanoric acid) or orange, K+ purple (anthraquinones)

Lateral excipulum carbonized throughout or at least apically; apothecia labia non-pruinose or pruina not C+ red or K+ purple

Ascospores hyaline, I+ blue or blueviolet, rarely I-; apothecial labia divergent, disc exposed

Ascospores hyaline, I+ blue or blueviolet, rarely I-; apothecial labia convergent, disc concealed

Ascospores greyish brown, I+ reddish brown; apothecial labia completely exposed and lacking thalline cover, convergent; disc concealed; excipulum completely carbonized

Ascospores greyish brown, I+ reddish brown; apothecial labia covered by thalline layer or apothecia immersed, divergent; disc exposed; excipulum uncarbonized below but hypothecium often carbonized

Lateral excipulum uncarbonized or dark brown in upper part; apothecial labia well-developed, completely convergent, Graphis-like, often crenulate or striate; disc concealed

Lateral excipulum uncarbonized or dark brown in upper part; apothecial labia thin or indistinct, divergent, usually not crenulate or striate; disc exposed

Ascospores greyish brown to dark brown

Ascospores hyaline; thallus strongly tuberculate; apothecia sessile; hymenium inspers

Ascospores hyaline; thallus smooth to uneven; apothecia fissurine; disc partly concealed by roof-like thalline margin

Ascospores hyaline; thallus smooth to uneven; apothecia not fissurine; disc exposed, if concealed then apothecia pruinose

Ascospores transversally septate; apothecia in section with distinctly carbonized base; excipulum carbonized throughout

Apothecial labia (excipulum) crenate to striate in surface view (section); hymenium inspersed

Apothecial labia (excipulum) crenate to striate in surface view (section); hymenium not inspersed

Apothecial labia (excipulum) entire in surface view (section); hymenium inspersed; apothecia lacking thalline margin

Apothecial labia (excipulum) entire in surface view (section); hymenium not inspersed; apothecia with thalline margin

Ascospores transversally septate; apothecia in section lacking carbonized base; excipulum only laterally or apically carbonized

Lateral excipulum only apically carbonized; apothecia immersed in thallus; thallus ecorticate

Lateral excipulum carbonized half way down or throughout; apothecia immersed-erumpent to sessile; thallus with cartilaginous cortex; apothecial labia (excipulum) crenate to striate in surface view (section); apothecia mostly lacking thalline margin

Lateral excipulum carbonized half way down or throughout; apothecia immersed-erumpent to sessile; thallus with cartilaginous cortex; apothecial labia (excipulum) entire in surface view (section); apothecia mostly with thalline margin

Ascospores muriform (at least terminally); apothecia in section lacking carbonized base; excipulum only laterally or apically carbonized

Ascospores muriform (at least terminally); apothecia in section with distinctly carbonized base; excipulum carbonized throughout

Hymenium inspersed; apothecial labia and excipulum entire

Hymenium inspersed; apothecial labia and excipulum crenulate to striate

Hymenium not inspersed; apothecial labia and excipulum crenulate to striate

Hymenium not inspersed; apothecial labia and excipulum entire

Ascospores transversally septate; apothecia dark red, pigment (isohypocrellin) in section K+ green

Ascospores transversally septate; apothecia greyish brown, lacking isohypocrellin

Apothecia rounded to oval

Apothecia distinctly elongate or strongly branched and stellate; norstictic acid present (thallus in section K+ yellow then red)

Apothecia distinctly elongate or strongly branched and stellate; norstictic acid absent (thallus in section K- or K+ yellow)

Ascospores muriform; hymenium not inspersed; ascospores 15-27 x 7-10 µm

Ascospores muriform; hymenium inspersed; ascospores 80-180 x 20-50 µm

Norstictic acid present; asci 1-4-spored

Norstictic acid absent; asci 1-2-spored